Ruth 4

Passage overview

1 Samuel 4 unfolds around the war between Israel and the Philistines, the capture of the ark of the covenant, and the tragic end of the house of Eli. This chapter can be divided into the following flow:

  • The beginning of the war (verses 1-2): Israel and the Philistines engage in battle, but Israel is defeated.
  • Bringing the ark of the covenant to the battlefield (verses 3-9): After pondering the cause of their defeat, Israel brings the ark of God’s covenant into the camp, expecting victory. The Philistine army is afraid at the news, but they decide to gather their strength and fight.
  • Israel’s devastating defeat and the capture of the ark of the covenant (verses 10-11): In the battle, Israel is badly beaten, the ark of the covenant is taken by the Philistines, and Eli’s two sons, Hophni and Phinehas, also die.
  • The news of the tragedy is delivered to Shiloh (verses 12-22): A man from Benjamin returns to Shiloh and brings the news, and when the high priest Eli hears it, he dies. Hophni’s wife also gives birth and dies, naming her son “Ichabod” (that is, “the glory has departed”).

1verseNow Boaz went up to the gate and sat down there. Behold, the near kinsman of whom Boaz spoke came by. Boaz said to him, “Come over here, friend, and sit down!” He came over, and sat down.

2verseBoaz took ten men of the elders of the city, and said, “Sit down here,” and they sat down.

3verseHe said to the near kinsman, “Naomi, who has come back out of the country of Moab, is selling the parcel of land, which was our brother Elimelech’s.

4verseI thought I should tell you, saying, ‘Buy it before those who sit here, and before the elders of my people.’ If you will redeem it, redeem it; but if you will not redeem it, then tell me, that I may know. For there is no one to redeem it besides you; and I am after you.” He said, “I will redeem it.”

5verseThen Boaz said, “On the day you buy the field from the hand of Naomi, you must buy it also from Ruth the Moabitess, the wife of the dead, to raise up the name of the dead on his inheritance.”

6verseThe near kinsman said, “I can’t redeem it for myself, lest I endanger my own inheritance. Take my right of redemption for yourself; for I can’t redeem it.”

7verseNow this was the custom in former time in Israel concerning redeeming and concerning exchanging, to confirm all things: a man took off his sandal, and gave it to his neighbor; and this was the way of formalizing transactions in Israel.

8verseSo the near kinsman said to Boaz, “Buy it for yourself,” then he took off his sandal.

9verseBoaz said to the elders and to all the people, “You are witnesses today, that I have bought all that was Elimelech’s, and all that was Chilion’s and Mahlon’s, from the hand of Naomi.

10verseMoreover, Ruth the Moabitess, the wife of Mahlon, I have purchased to be my wife, to raise up the name of the dead on his inheritance, that the name of the dead may not be cut off from among his brothers and from the gate of his place. You are witnesses today.”

11verseAll the people who were in the gate, and the elders, said, “We are witnesses. May the LORD make the woman who has come into your house like Rachel and like Leah, which both built the house of Israel; and treat you worthily in Ephrathah, and be famous in Bethlehem.

12verseLet your house be like the house of Perez, whom Tamar bore to Judah, of the offspring which the LORD will give you by this young woman.”

13verseSo Boaz took Ruth and she became his wife; and he went in to her, and the LORD enabled her to conceive, and she bore a son.

14verseThe women said to Naomi, “Blessed be the LORD, who has not left you today without a near kinsman. Let his name be famous in Israel.

15verseHe shall be to you a restorer of life and sustain you in your old age; for your daughter-in-law, who loves you, who is better to you than seven sons, has given birth to him.”

16verseNaomi took the child, laid him in her bosom, and became nurse to him.

17verseThe women, her neighbors, gave him a name, saying, “A son is born to Naomi”. They named him Obed. He is the father of Jesse, the father of David.

18verseNow this is the history of the generations of Perez: Perez became the father of Hezron,

19verseand Hezron became the father of Ram, and Ram became the father of Amminadab,

20verseand Amminadab became the father of Nahshon, and Nahshon became the father of Salmon,

21verseand Salmon became the father of Boaz, and Boaz became the father of Obed,

22verseand Obed became the father of Jesse, and Jesse became the father of David.

The Meaning of the Passage and Its Overall Message

This chapter poses a deep question about faith that looks good on the outside and God’s sovereignty. Instead of their relationship with God, the people of Israel believe that the ark of the covenant—symbolic object itself—has the power to bring victory, so they bring it to the battlefield. But God works according to his own will and sovereignty, not according to human intentions and calculations. Also, the downfall of Eli’s household, the leaders, shows that what matters is not external roles or positions, but faithfulness and obedience before God. The name “Ichabod” symbolically announces that God’s glory has departed from Israel.

Points to Ponder

  • Let’s check whether, in our faith life, we are relying not on the one true God, but only on God’s symbols or external forms.
  • Let’s remember that God’s presence depends more on his will and relationship than on our awareness or methods.
  • In times of crisis, let’s reflect and return to the truth that what we must choose first is not the outward form of faith, but the inner attitude of standing wholly before God.

Apply to Yourself

  • Take a look back at whether the foundation of my faith truly rests with God, or whether I’m depending on religious customs or forms.
  • As we begin a new week, let’s put into practice an attitude of making God the center of my life and seeking his will first.
  • In difficult situations, let’s decide to truly rely on God, reflect on my heart, and build a deeper relationship with God.

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This is the last chapter of Ruth.