Jeremiah 31

Passage overview

Jeremiah 31 is organized around God’s promises of restoration for the people of Israel and the coming new covenant. Broadly, this chapter can be divided into two parts. The first part (verses 1–26) contains hope for restoration and joy after the people of Judah’s exile, along with longing for the rebuilding of the Israelite community. The second part (verses 27–40) presents the proclamation of the new covenant and the new relationship between God and the people that results from it.

1verse“At that time,” says the LORD, “I will be the God of all the families of Israel, and they will be my people.”

2verseThe LORD says, “The people who survive the sword found favor in the wilderness; even Israel, when I went to cause him to rest.”

3verseThe LORD appeared of old to me, saying, “Yes, I have loved you with an everlasting love. Therefore I have drawn you with loving kindness.

4verseI will build you again, and you will be built, O virgin of Israel. You will again be adorned with your tambourines, and will go out in the dances of those who make merry.

5verseAgain you will plant vineyards on the mountains of Samaria. The planters will plant, and will enjoy its fruit.

6verseFor there will be a day that the watchmen on the hills of Ephraim cry, ‘Arise! Let’s go up to Zion to the LORD our God.’”

7verseFor the LORD says, “Sing with gladness for Jacob, and shout for the chief of the nations. Publish, praise, and say, ‘LORD, save your people, the remnant of Israel!’

8verseBehold, I will bring them from the north country, and gather them from the uttermost parts of the earth, along with the blind and the lame, the woman with child and her who travails with child together. They will return as a great company.

9verseThey will come with weeping. I will lead them with petitions. I will cause them to walk by rivers of waters, in a straight way in which they won’t stumble; for I am a father to Israel. Ephraim is my firstborn.

10verse“Hear the LORD’s word, you nations, and declare it in the distant islands. Say, ‘He who scattered Israel will gather him, and keep him, as a shepherd does his flock.’

11verseFor the LORD has ransomed Jacob, and redeemed him from the hand of him who was stronger than he.

12verseThey will come and sing in the height of Zion, and will flow to the goodness of the LORD, to the grain, to the new wine, to the oil, and to the young of the flock and of the herd. Their soul will be as a watered garden. They will not sorrow any more at all.

13verseThen the virgin will rejoice in the dance, the young men and the old together; for I will turn their mourning into joy, and will comfort them, and make them rejoice from their sorrow.

14verseI will satiate the soul of the priests with fatness, and my people will be satisfied with my goodness,” says the LORD.

15verseThe LORD says: “A voice is heard in Ramah, lamentation and bitter weeping, Rachel weeping for her children. She refuses to be comforted for her children, because they are no more.”

16verseThe LORD says: “Refrain your voice from weeping, and your eyes from tears, for your work will be rewarded,” says the LORD. “They will come again from the land of the enemy.

17verseThere is hope for your latter end,” says the LORD. “Your children will come again to their own territory.

18verse“I have surely heard Ephraim grieving thus, ‘You have chastised me, and I was chastised, as an untrained calf. Turn me, and I will be turned, for you are the LORD my God.

19verseSurely after that I was turned. I repented. After that I was instructed. I struck my thigh. I was ashamed, yes, even confounded, because I bore the reproach of my youth.’

20verseIs Ephraim my dear son? Is he a darling child? For as often as I speak against him, I still earnestly remember him. Therefore my heart yearns for him. I will surely have mercy on him,” says the LORD.

21verse“Set up road signs. Make guideposts. Set your heart toward the highway, even the way by which you went. Turn again, virgin of Israel. Turn again to these your cities.

22verseHow long will you go here and there, you backsliding daughter? For the LORD has created a new thing in the earth: a woman will encompass a man.”

23verseThe LORD of Armies, the God of Israel, says: “Yet again they will use this speech in the land of Judah and in its cities, when I reverse their captivity: ‘The LORD bless you, habitation of righteousness, mountain of holiness.’

24verseJudah and all its cities will dwell therein together, the farmers, and those who go about with flocks.

25verseFor I have satiated the weary soul, and I have replenished every sorrowful soul.”

26verseOn this I awakened, and saw; and my sleep was sweet to me.

27verse“Behold, the days come,” says the LORD, “that I will sow the house of Israel and the house of Judah with the seed of man and with the seed of animal.

28verseIt will happen that, like as I have watched over them to pluck up and to break down and to overthrow and to destroy and to afflict, so I will watch over them to build and to plant,” says the LORD.

29verse“In those days they will say no more, “‘The fathers have eaten sour grapes, and the children’s teeth are set on edge.’

30verseBut everyone will die for his own iniquity. Every man who eats the sour grapes, his teeth will be set on edge.

31verse“Behold, the days come,” says the LORD, “that I will make a new covenant with the house of Israel, and with the house of Judah,

32versenot according to the covenant that I made with their fathers in the day that I took them by the hand to bring them out of the land of Egypt, which covenant of mine they broke, although I was a husband to them,” says the LORD.

33verse“But this is the covenant that I will make with the house of Israel after those days,” says the LORD: “I will put my law in their inward parts, and I will write it in their heart. I will be their God, and they shall be my people.

34verseThey will no longer each teach his neighbor, and every man teach his brother, saying, ‘Know the LORD;’ for they will all know me, from their least to their greatest,” says the LORD, “for I will forgive their iniquity, and I will remember their sin no more.”

35verseThe LORD, who gives the sun for a light by day, and the ordinances of the moon and of the stars for a light by night, who stirs up the sea, so that its waves roar— the LORD of Armies is his name, says:

36verse“If these ordinances depart from before me,” says the LORD, “then the offspring of Israel also will cease from being a nation before me forever.”

37verseThe LORD says: “If heaven above can be measured, and the foundations of the earth searched out beneath, then I will also cast off all the offspring of Israel for all that they have done,” says the LORD.

38verse“Behold, the days come,” says the LORD, “that the city will be built to the LORD from the tower of Hananel to the gate of the corner.

39verseThe measuring line will go out further straight onward to the hill Gareb, and will turn toward Goah.

40verseThe whole valley of the dead bodies and of the ashes, and all the fields to the brook Kidron, to the corner of the horse gate toward the east, will be holy to the LORD. It will not be plucked up or thrown down any more forever.”

Key Content and Symbols

  • A Promise of Restoration (Verses 1–14): The promise that God will gather the scattered descendants of Israel again and make them more abundantly prosperous than before is repeated. In this process, everyday and familiar images appear—such as shepherds, farmers, and dancing girls.
  • Sorrow and Comfort (Verses 15–20): Through the symbolic scene of mourning heard in Ramah—namely, Rachel’s weeping—pain for the scattered children of Israel and God’s comfort intersect. God expresses His special affection with the phrase, “Ephraim is my beloved son.”
  • The New Covenant (Verses 31–34): One of the central passages of this chapter, the new covenant is proclaimed not as the law written on stone tablets, but as something established in each person’s heart. Here, it symbolizes a deeper and more inward transformation in the relationship between God and the people.
  • The Faithfulness of the Creator God (Verses 35–40): The chapter concludes with God’s promise to keep Israel forever, as with the order of the sun, the moon, and the stars.

Points for Reflection

  • Consider how God shows His unchanging love and faithfulness toward His people.
  • Reflect on how suffering, restoration, and the proclamation of the new covenant connect with my own journey of faith.
  • Think about God’s words written on the heart and the inward change they bring to you.

Applying It to My Life

  • Take a look at yourself and consider whether you trust God’s promise of restoration even in the hardships of life.
  • Beyond the framework of traditional faith, check whether you are accepting God’s word and love deep in your heart and putting them into practice.
  • In your everyday life, let’s think about how you experience and share God’s comfort and His renewing work.