Genesis 36

Passage overview

Genesis 36 records in detail the genealogy—namely, the line of the Edomites and the accounts of their chieftains. This chapter shows the foundation of the story of how Esau’s descendants, Jacob’s brother, multiplied and became a nation.

1verseNow this is the history of the generations of Esau (that is, Edom).

2verseEsau took his wives from the daughters of Canaan: Adah the daughter of Elon, the Hittite; and Oholibamah the daughter of Anah, the daughter of Zibeon, the Hivite;

3verseand Basemath, Ishmael’s daughter, sister of Nebaioth.

4verseAdah bore to Esau Eliphaz. Basemath bore Reuel.

5verseOholibamah bore Jeush, Jalam, and Korah. These are the sons of Esau, who were born to him in the land of Canaan.

6verseEsau took his wives, his sons, his daughters, and all the members of his household, with his livestock, all his animals, and all his possessions, which he had gathered in the land of Canaan, and went into a land away from his brother Jacob.

7verseFor their substance was too great for them to dwell together, and the land of their travels couldn’t bear them because of their livestock.

8verseEsau lived in the hill country of Seir. Esau is Edom.

9verseThis is the history of the generations of Esau the father of the Edomites in the hill country of Seir:

10versethese are the names of Esau’s sons: Eliphaz, the son of Adah, the wife of Esau; and Reuel, the son of Basemath, the wife of Esau.

11verseThe sons of Eliphaz were Teman, Omar, Zepho, and Gatam, and Kenaz.

12verseTimna was concubine to Eliphaz, Esau’s son; and she bore to Eliphaz Amalek. These are the descendants of Adah, Esau’s wife.

13verseThese are the sons of Reuel: Nahath, Zerah, Shammah, and Mizzah. These were the descendants of Basemath, Esau’s wife.

14verseThese were the sons of Oholibamah, the daughter of Anah, the daughter of Zibeon, Esau’s wife: she bore to Esau Jeush, Jalam, and Korah.

15verseThese are the chiefs of the sons of Esau: the sons of Eliphaz the firstborn of Esau: chief Teman, chief Omar, chief Zepho, chief Kenaz,

16versechief Korah, chief Gatam, chief Amalek. These are the chiefs who came of Eliphaz in the land of Edom. These are the sons of Adah.

17verseThese are the sons of Reuel, Esau’s son: chief Nahath, chief Zerah, chief Shammah, chief Mizzah. These are the chiefs who came of Reuel in the land of Edom. These are the sons of Basemath, Esau’s wife.

18verseThese are the sons of Oholibamah, Esau’s wife: chief Jeush, chief Jalam, chief Korah. These are the chiefs who came of Oholibamah the daughter of Anah, Esau’s wife.

19verseThese are the sons of Esau (that is, Edom), and these are their chiefs.

20verseThese are the sons of Seir the Horite, the inhabitants of the land: Lotan, Shobal, Zibeon, Anah,

21verseDishon, Ezer, and Dishan. These are the chiefs who came of the Horites, the children of Seir in the land of Edom.

22verseThe children of Lotan were Hori and Heman. Lotan’s sister was Timna.

23verseThese are the children of Shobal: Alvan, Manahath, Ebal, Shepho, and Onam.

24verseThese are the children of Zibeon: Aiah and Anah. This is Anah who found the hot springs in the wilderness, as he fed the donkeys of Zibeon his father.

25verseThese are the children of Anah: Dishon and Oholibamah, the daughter of Anah.

26verseThese are the children of Dishon: Hemdan, Eshban, Ithran, and Cheran.

27verseThese are the children of Ezer: Bilhan, Zaavan, and Akan.

28verseThese are the children of Dishan: Uz and Aran.

29verseThese are the chiefs who came of the Horites: chief Lotan, chief Shobal, chief Zibeon, chief Anah,

30versechief Dishon, chief Ezer, and chief Dishan. These are the chiefs who came of the Horites, according to their chiefs in the land of Seir.

31verseThese are the kings who reigned in the land of Edom, before any king reigned over the children of Israel.

32verseBela, the son of Beor, reigned in Edom. The name of his city was Dinhabah.

33verseBela died, and Jobab, the son of Zerah of Bozrah, reigned in his place.

34verseJobab died, and Husham of the land of the Temanites reigned in his place.

35verseHusham died, and Hadad, the son of Bedad, who struck Midian in the field of Moab, reigned in his place. The name of his city was Avith.

36verseHadad died, and Samlah of Masrekah reigned in his place.

37verseSamlah died, and Shaul of Rehoboth by the river, reigned in his place.

38verseShaul died, and Baal Hanan the son of Achbor reigned in his place.

39verseBaal Hanan the son of Achbor died, and Hadar reigned in his place. The name of his city was Pau. His wife’s name was Mehetabel, the daughter of Matred, the daughter of Mezahab.

40verseThese are the names of the chiefs who came from Esau, according to their families, after their places, and by their names: chief Timna, chief Alvah, chief Jetheth,

41versechief Oholibamah, chief Elah, chief Pinon,

42versechief Kenaz, chief Teman, chief Mibzar,

43versechief Magdiel, and chief Iram. These are the chiefs of Edom, according to their habitations in the land of their possession. This is Esau, the father of the Edomites.

Structure of the Text

  • Verses 1-8: The marriages of Esau, his wives and their children, and the background for the migration to the land of Seir are recorded.
  • Verses 9-19: Esau’s sons and grandsons, along with the collateral genealogies of their descendants, are listed.
  • Verses 20-30: The descendants of Seir, namely the descendants of the Horites who lived in the land of Edom, are mentioned.
  • Verses 31-39: A list of kings who were established in the land of Edom before any king reigned in Israel is introduced.
  • Verses 40-43: The names of Edomite chieftains and the places where they lived are organized.

Overall Meaning and Characteristics

This chapter systematically records the descendants of Esau (Edom), forming one aspect of the genealogy of Israel. It demonstrates that, within God’s chosen plan and the genealogy of the covenant, the paths of Esau’s descendants—who followed a different course from Jacob (Israel)—and the growth of other peoples as well are all governed by God. In addition, placed in parallel with Jacob’s genealogy (chapter 35), it contrasts the fate and identity of the two peoples, providing a theological reason why the people of Israel should understand and remember outsiders.

Reflection Points

  • Anyone can see that everyone is within God’s plan, and that no part of history is accidental.
  • God remembers and guides not only the genealogy of the covenant (Jacob) but also other nations and people.

Personal Application

  • I can also believe that my existence and my life have meaning and are precious in the sight of God.
  • People who do not feel close or seem distant to me can also be seen as being within God’s history, and I can learn to understand and embrace my neighbors.

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