Daniel 4

Passage overview

Hosea 4 is the chapter in which rebuke and lament toward God’s covenant people, Israel, begin to take center stage. Overall, this chapter shows Israel’s condition of having lost God’s law and truth, along with the results of the ensuing spiritual and moral decline. In the opening section (verses 1–3), God points out Israel’s distrust and unrighteousness toward Him that arise from their relationship with Him, and describes how the land mourns and everything grows weak. Then (verses 4–10) He calls the priests and leaders to account in particular, exposing the moral collapse of the entire people. Finally (verses 11–19), He emphasizes the need for Israel’s cleansing due to idolatry and warns about the consequences that come from the people’s senseless actions.

1verseNebuchadnezzar the king, to all the peoples, nations, and languages, who dwell in all the earth: Peace be multiplied to you.

2verseIt has seemed good to me to show the signs and wonders that the Most High God has worked toward me.

3verseHow great are his signs! How mighty are his wonders! His kingdom is an everlasting kingdom. His dominion is from generation to generation.

4verseI, Nebuchadnezzar, was at rest in my house, and flourishing in my palace.

5verseI saw a dream which made me afraid; and the thoughts on my bed and the visions of my head troubled me.

6verseTherefore I made a decree to bring in all the wise men of Babylon before me, that they might make known to me the interpretation of the dream.

7verseThen the magicians, the enchanters, the Chaldeans, and the soothsayers came in; and I told them the dream, but they didn’t make known to me its interpretation.

8verseBut at last, Daniel came in before me, whose name was Belteshazzar according to the name of my god, and in whom is the spirit of the holy gods. I told the dream before him, saying,

9verse“Belteshazzar, master of the magicians, because I know that the spirit of the holy gods is in you and no secret troubles you, tell me the visions of my dream that I have seen, and its interpretation.

10verseThese were the visions of my head on my bed: I saw, and behold, a tree in the middle of the earth; and its height was great.

11verseThe tree grew and was strong. Its height reached to the sky and its sight to the end of all the earth.

12verseIts leaves were beautiful, and it had much fruit, and in it was food for all. The animals of the field had shade under it, and the birds of the sky lived in its branches, and all flesh was fed from it.

13verse“I saw in the visions of my head on my bed, and behold, a holy watcher came down from the sky.

14verseHe cried aloud and said this: ‘Cut down the tree, and cut off its branches! Shake off its leaves and scatter its fruit! Let the animals get away from under it and the birds from its branches.

15verseNevertheless leave the stump of its roots in the earth, even with a band of iron and bronze, in the tender grass of the field; and let it be wet with the dew of the sky. Let his portion be with the animals in the grass of the earth.

16verseLet his heart be changed from man’s, and let an animal’s heart be given to him. Then let seven times pass over him.

17verse“‘The sentence is by the decree of the watchers and the demand by the word of the holy ones, to the intent that the living may know that the Most High rules in the kingdom of men, and gives it to whomever he will, and sets up over it the lowest of men.’

18verse“This dream I, King Nebuchadnezzar, have seen; and you, Belteshazzar, declare the interpretation, because all the wise men of my kingdom are not able to make known to me the interpretation; but you are able, for the spirit of the holy gods is in you.”

19verseThen Daniel, whose name was Belteshazzar, was stricken mute for a while, and his thoughts troubled him. The king answered, “Belteshazzar, don’t let the dream or the interpretation, trouble you.” Belteshazzar answered, “My lord, may the dream be for those who hate you, and its interpretation to your adversaries.

20verseThe tree that you saw, which grew and was strong, whose height reached to the sky and its sight to all the earth;

21versewhose leaves were beautiful and its fruit plentiful, and in it was food for all; under which the animals of the field lived, and on whose branches the birds of the sky had their habitation—

22verseit is you, O king, that have grown and become strong; for your greatness has grown, and reaches to the sky, and your dominion to the end of the earth.

23verse“Whereas the king saw a holy watcher coming down from the sky and saying, ‘Cut down the tree, and destroy it; nevertheless leave the stump of its roots in the earth, even with a band of iron and bronze, in the tender grass of the field, and let it be wet with the dew of the sky. Let his portion be with the animals of the field, until seven times pass over him.’

24verse“This is the interpretation, O king, and it is the decree of the Most High, which has come on my lord the king:

25verseYou will be driven from men and your dwelling shall be with the animals of the field. You will be made to eat grass as oxen, and will be wet with the dew of the sky, and seven times shall pass over you, until you know that the Most High rules in the kingdom of men, and gives it to whomever he will.

26verseWhereas it was commanded to leave the stump of the roots of the tree, your kingdom shall be sure to you after you know that Heaven rules.

27verseTherefore, O king, let my counsel be acceptable to you, and break off your sins by righteousness, and your iniquities by showing mercy to the poor. Perhaps there may be a lengthening of your tranquility.”

28verseAll this came on the King Nebuchadnezzar.

29verseAt the end of twelve months he was walking in the royal palace of Babylon.

30verseThe king spoke and said, “Is not this great Babylon, which I have built for the royal dwelling place by the might of my power and for the glory of my majesty?”

31verseWhile the word was in the king’s mouth, a voice came from the sky, saying, “O King Nebuchadnezzar, to you it is spoken: ‘The kingdom has departed from you.

32verseYou shall be driven from men, and your dwelling shall be with the animals of the field. You shall be made to eat grass like oxen. Seven times shall pass over you, until you know that the Most High rules in the kingdom of men, and gives it to whomever he will.’”

33verseThis was fulfilled the same hour on Nebuchadnezzar. He was driven from men and ate grass like oxen; and his body was wet with the dew of the sky until his hair had grown like eagles’ feathers, and his nails like birds’ claws.

34verseAt the end of the days I, Nebuchadnezzar, lifted up my eyes to heaven, and my understanding returned to me; and I blessed the Most High, and I praised and honored him who lives forever, for his dominion is an everlasting dominion, and his kingdom from generation to generation.

35verseAll the inhabitants of the earth are reputed as nothing; and he does according to his will in the army of heaven, and among the inhabitants of the earth; and no one can stop his hand, or ask him, “What are you doing?”

36verseAt the same time my understanding returned to me; and for the glory of my kingdom, my majesty and brightness returned to me. My counselors and my lords sought me; and I was established in my kingdom, and excellent greatness was added to me.

37verseNow I, Nebuchadnezzar, praise and extol and honor the King of heaven; for all his works are truth, and his ways justice; and those who walk in pride he is able to abase.

Key Message and Symbols

  • God’s accusation: God solemnly declares that Israel—His covenant partner bound by love—has rejected that covenant. Through this chapter, God’s lament and sorrow are revealed at the same time.
  • Absence of knowledge: The statement, “My people are destroyed for lack of knowledge” (verse 6), emphasizes how important it is to live a life grounded in a true relationship with God and His Word—not merely in outward religion.
  • A responsible community: When priests and leaders do not stand properly, the entire community may collapse. The responsibility of spiritual leaders and the mutual influence among the community are highlighted.
  • The result of idolatry: The warning shows the negative effects that following idols has not only on an individual’s life but also on society as a whole, along with the warning of judgment.

Meditation Points

  • How much do I value God’s Word and truth as something precious in my life?
  • In the community I belong to (home, faith community, society), am I exerting the right influence?
  • Check my relationship with God—not a superficial faith, but a genuine relationship with Him

Try Applying It to Me

  • Every day, look back and see whether in my life knowledge of God’s Word and obedience are actually being expressed
  • Resolve to live in a way that brings good influence to the people around me, and examine my words and actions
  • So that my relationship with God does not break while I focus on no one but Him, rely on God humbly every day

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