Acts 2

Passage overview

Romans 2 is the section where the Apostle Paul discusses the universal problem of human sin and God’s justice. While Chapter 1 mainly dealt with the sins of the Gentiles and God’s wrath, Chapter 2 warns against the hypocrisy committed by those who consider themselves morally superior—namely, the Jews who have the law—as well as all people who, by thinking themselves righteous, bring about the same hypocrisy. Paul emphasizes that no one can be declared righteous by their own actions, and that God judges each person according to their deeds without partiality.

1verseNow when the day of Pentecost had come, they were all with one accord in one place.

2verseSuddenly there came from the sky a sound like the rushing of a mighty wind, and it filled all the house where they were sitting.

3verseTongues like fire appeared and were distributed to them, and one sat on each of them.

4verseThey were all filled with the Holy Spirit and began to speak with other languages, as the Spirit gave them the ability to speak.

5verseNow there were dwelling in Jerusalem Jews, devout men, from every nation under the sky.

6verseWhen this sound was heard, the multitude came together and were bewildered, because everyone heard them speaking in his own language.

7verseThey were all amazed and marveled, saying to one another, “Behold, aren’t all these who speak Galileans?

8verseHow do we hear, everyone in our own native language?

9verseParthians, Medes, Elamites, and people from Mesopotamia, Judea, Cappadocia, Pontus, Asia,

10versePhrygia, Pamphylia, Egypt, the parts of Libya around Cyrene, visitors from Rome, both Jews and proselytes,

11verseCretans and Arabians—we hear them speaking in our languages the mighty works of God!”

12verseThey were all amazed and were perplexed, saying to one another, “What does this mean?”

13verseOthers, mocking, said, “They are filled with new wine.”

14verseBut Peter, standing up with the eleven, lifted up his voice and spoke out to them, “You men of Judea and all you who dwell at Jerusalem, let this be known to you, and listen to my words.

15verseFor these aren’t drunken, as you suppose, seeing it is only the third hour of the day.

16verseBut this is what has been spoken through the prophet Joel:

17verse‘It will be in the last days, says God, that I will pour out my Spirit on all flesh. Your sons and your daughters will prophesy. Your young men will see visions. Your old men will dream dreams.

18verseYes, and on my servants and on my handmaidens in those days, I will pour out my Spirit, and they will prophesy.

19verseI will show wonders in the sky above, and signs on the earth beneath: blood, and fire, and billows of smoke.

20verseThe sun will be turned into darkness, and the moon into blood, before the great and glorious day of the Lord comes.

21verseIt will be that whoever will call on the name of the Lord will be saved.’

22verse“Men of Israel, hear these words! Jesus of Nazareth, a man approved by God to you by mighty works and wonders and signs which God did by him among you, even as you yourselves know,

23versehim, being delivered up by the determined counsel and foreknowledge of God, you have taken by the hand of lawless men, crucified and killed;

24versewhom God raised up, having freed him from the agony of death, because it was not possible that he should be held by it.

25verseFor David says concerning him, ‘I saw the Lord always before my face, for he is on my right hand, that I should not be moved.

26verseTherefore my heart was glad, and my tongue rejoiced. Moreover my flesh also will dwell in hope,

27versebecause you will not leave my soul in Hades, neither will you allow your Holy One to see decay.

28verseYou made known to me the ways of life. You will make me full of gladness with your presence.’

29verse“Brothers, I may tell you freely of the patriarch David, that he both died and was buried, and his tomb is with us to this day.

30verseTherefore, being a prophet, and knowing that God had sworn with an oath to him that of the fruit of his body, according to the flesh, he would raise up the Christ to sit on his throne,

31versehe foreseeing this, spoke about the resurrection of the Christ, that his soul wasn’t left in Hades, and his flesh didn’t see decay.

32verseThis Jesus God raised up, to which we all are witnesses.

33verseBeing therefore exalted by the right hand of God, and having received from the Father the promise of the Holy Spirit, he has poured out this which you now see and hear.

34verseFor David didn’t ascend into the heavens, but he says himself, ‘The Lord said to my Lord, “Sit by my right hand

35verseuntil I make your enemies a footstool for your feet.”’

36verse“Let all the house of Israel therefore know certainly that God has made him both Lord and Christ, this Jesus whom you crucified.”

37verseNow when they heard this, they were cut to the heart, and said to Peter and the rest of the apostles, “Brothers, what shall we do?”

38versePeter said to them, “Repent and be baptized, every one of you, in the name of Jesus Christ for the forgiveness of sins, and you will receive the gift of the Holy Spirit.

39verseFor the promise is to you and to your children, and to all who are far off, even as many as the Lord our God will call to himself.”

40verseWith many other words he testified and exhorted them, saying, “Save yourselves from this crooked generation!”

41verseThen those who gladly received his word were baptized. There were added that day about three thousand souls.

42verseThey continued steadfastly in the apostles’ teaching and fellowship, in the breaking of bread, and prayer.

43verseFear came on every soul, and many wonders and signs were done through the apostles.

44verseAll who believed were together, and had all things in common.

45verseThey sold their possessions and goods, and distributed them to all, according as anyone had need.

46verseDay by day, continuing steadfastly with one accord in the temple, and breaking bread at home, they took their food with gladness and singleness of heart,

47versepraising God and having favor with all the people. The Lord added to the assembly day by day those who were being saved.

Core Message and Key Emphases

  • A Warning About Judgment: Paul points out that even those who judge others end up committing the same sin, and he states that all human beings are under God’s judgment.
  • God’s Fair Judgment: God does not judge based on external conditions (whether someone is a Jew or a Gentile, whether they have the law), but judges according to each person’s actions.
  • The Law and Conscience: He explains that even Gentiles who do not have the law are created to live by discerning good and evil through their conscience. Having the law does not automatically make someone righteous; he stresses that what matters is whether one actually keeps it.

The True Jew Before God

In the last part of Chapter 2, Paul emphasizes that it is not the “outward Jew” who is truly a Jew, but the person who follows God’s will from the heart. In other words, he insists that what is important is to renew the heart according to God’s word, rather than external marks such as circumcision. Religious status or tradition cannot save human beings, and true status can be understood as coming from obedience to God’s will.

Points for Reflection

  • Do I judge other people too easily? I can reflect on the hypocritical attitude within me.
  • I should remember that God’s judgment is not based on external conditions, but looks at my inner life and the fruits of actual living.
  • Let us engrave in our hearts that the essence of faith is not external forms, but inner change and genuine obedience.

Try Applying It to Yourself

  • Before judging others, let’s first look at ourselves, and let’s adopt an attitude that seeks the essence of faith through honest self-examination.
  • We can also commit ourselves to move forward with humility before God and with real changes in life, not with formal faith.

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