Romans 9
Romans 9 is a section where Paul discusses his deep anguish over the people of Israel and God’s sovereign choice. Paul grieves that many among Israel have not accepted the gospel, and he emphasizes that God’s promised plan of salvation is fulfilled not through descent from a particular people, but through faith.
1verseI tell the truth in Christ. I am not lying, my conscience testifying with me in the Holy Spirit
2versethat I have great sorrow and unceasing pain in my heart.
3verseFor I could wish that I myself were accursed from Christ for my brothers’ sake, my relatives according to the flesh
4versewho are Israelites; whose is the adoption, the glory, the covenants, the giving of the law, the service, and the promises;
5verseof whom are the fathers, and from whom is Christ as concerning the flesh, who is over all, God, blessed forever. Amen.
6verseBut it is not as though the word of God has come to nothing. For they are not all Israel that are of Israel.
7verseNeither, because they are Abraham’s offspring, are they all children. But, “your offspring will be accounted as from Isaac.”
8verseThat is, it is not the children of the flesh who are children of God, but the children of the promise are counted as heirs.
9verseFor this is a word of promise: “At the appointed time I will come, and Sarah will have a son.”
10verseNot only so, but Rebekah also conceived by one, by our father Isaac.
11verseFor being not yet born, neither having done anything good or bad, that the purpose of God according to election might stand, not of works, but of him who calls,
12verseit was said to her, “The elder will serve the younger.”
13verseEven as it is written, “Jacob I loved, but Esau I hated.”
14verseWhat shall we say then? Is there unrighteousness with God? May it never be!
15verseFor he said to Moses, “I will have mercy on whom I have mercy, and I will have compassion on whom I have compassion.”
16verseSo then it is not of him who wills, nor of him who runs, but of God who has mercy.
17verseFor the Scripture says to Pharaoh, “For this very purpose I caused you to be raised up, that I might show in you my power, and that my name might be proclaimed in all the earth.”
18verseSo then, he has mercy on whom he desires, and he hardens whom he desires.
19verseYou will say then to me, “Why does he still find fault? For who withstands his will?”
20verseBut indeed, O man, who are you to reply against God? Will the thing formed ask him who formed it, “Why did you make me like this?”
21verseOr hasn’t the potter a right over the clay, from the same lump to make one part a vessel for honor, and another for dishonor?
22verseWhat if God, willing to show his wrath and to make his power known, endured with much patience vessels of wrath prepared for destruction,
23verseand that he might make known the riches of his glory on vessels of mercy, which he prepared beforehand for glory—
24verseus, whom he also called, not from the Jews only, but also from the Gentiles?
25verseAs he says also in Hosea, “I will call them ‘my people,’ which were not my people; and her ‘beloved,’ who was not beloved.”
26verse“It will be that in the place where it was said to them, ‘You are not my people,’ there they will be called ‘children of the living God.’”
27verseIsaiah cries concerning Israel, “If the number of the children of Israel are as the sand of the sea, it is the remnant who will be saved;
28versefor he will finish the work and cut it short in righteousness, because the Lord will make a short work upon the earth.”
29verseAs Isaiah has said before, “Unless the Lord of Armies had left us a seed, we would have become like Sodom, and would have been made like Gomorrah.”
30verseWhat shall we say then? That the Gentiles, who didn’t follow after righteousness, attained to righteousness, even the righteousness which is of faith;
31versebut Israel, following after a law of righteousness, didn’t arrive at the law of righteousness.
32verseWhy? Because they didn’t seek it by faith, but as it were by works of the law. They stumbled over the stumbling stone,
33verseeven as it is written, “Behold, I lay in Zion a stumbling stone and a rock of offense; and no one who believes in him will be disappointed.”
Structure and Flow
- Verses 1–5: Paul’s anguish for Israel and listing their privileges
- Verses 6–13: Explaining that God’s promise is fulfilled by means of the promise, not by lineage
- Verses 14–29: Presenting examples of God’s sovereign choice and mercy, such as Isaac and Jacob, and Pharaoh
- Verses 30–33: Describing the current state of the Gentiles and Israel by emphasizing that it is not the law, but faith, as the path leading to righteousness
Core Message
Paul shows that God chooses people and nations under His own sovereign rule and bestows grace and mercy. He also emphasizes the truth that ultimately salvation comes through God’s promise and faith, not through lineage or deeds. Through this, he encourages us to trust God’s providence in the ongoing history of salvation, recognizing human limitations and God’s faithfulness.
Points to Ponder
- What kind of relationship is there between God’s choosing and our faith?
- We can reflect on how much more important God’s grace and promise are than any privilege or background I have.
Try Applying It to Yourself
- Let’s trust in God’s sovereign grace and take a humble attitude.
- We can make a fresh commitment to live in faith, giving thanks for the preciousness of the gospel and for the mercy I have received.