Numbers 22
Deuteronomy 22 presents laws dealing with neighborly responsibility, protection of life, symbolic boundaries, building safety, and sexual conduct. The laws may appear varied, but they share concerns for responsibility, order, and the protection of others within the community.
1verseThe children of Israel traveled, and encamped in the plains of Moab beyond the Jordan at Jericho.
2verseBalak the son of Zippor saw all that Israel had done to the Amorites.
3verseMoab was very afraid of the people, because they were many. Moab was distressed because of the children of Israel.
4verseMoab said to the elders of Midian, “Now this multitude will lick up all that is around us, as the ox licks up the grass of the field.” Balak the son of Zippor was king of Moab at that time.
5verseHe sent messengers to Balaam the son of Beor, to Pethor, which is by the River, to the land of the children of his people, to call him, saying, “Behold, there is a people who came out of Egypt. Behold, they cover the surface of the earth, and they are staying opposite me.
6versePlease come now therefore, and curse this people for me; for they are too mighty for me. Perhaps I shall prevail, that we may strike them, and that I may drive them out of the land; for I know that he whom you bless is blessed, and he whom you curse is cursed.”
7verseThe elders of Moab and the elders of Midian departed with the rewards of divination in their hand. They came to Balaam, and spoke to him the words of Balak.
8verseHe said to them, “Lodge here this night, and I will bring you word again, as the LORD shall speak to me.” The princes of Moab stayed with Balaam.
9verseGod came to Balaam, and said, “Who are these men with you?”
10verseBalaam said to God, “Balak the son of Zippor, king of Moab, has said to me,
11verse‘Behold, the people that has come out of Egypt covers the surface of the earth. Now, come curse them for me. Perhaps I shall be able to fight against them, and shall drive them out.’”
12verseGod said to Balaam, “You shall not go with them. You shall not curse the people, for they are blessed.”
13verseBalaam rose up in the morning, and said to the princes of Balak, “Go to your land; for the LORD refuses to permit me to go with you.”
14verseThe princes of Moab rose up, and they went to Balak, and said, “Balaam refuses to come with us.”
15verseBalak again sent princes, more, and more honorable than they.
16verseThey came to Balaam, and said to him, “Balak the son of Zippor says, ‘Please let nothing hinder you from coming to me,
17versefor I will promote you to very great honor, and whatever you say to me I will do. Please come therefore, and curse this people for me.’”
18verseBalaam answered the servants of Balak, “If Balak would give me his house full of silver and gold, I can’t go beyond the word of the LORD my God, to do less or more.
19verseNow therefore please stay here tonight as well, that I may know what else the LORD will speak to me.”
20verseGod came to Balaam at night, and said to him, “If the men have come to call you, rise up, go with them; but only the word which I speak to you, that you shall do.”
21verseBalaam rose up in the morning, and saddled his donkey, and went with the princes of Moab.
22verseGod’s anger burned because he went; and the LORD’s angel placed himself in the way as an adversary against him. Now he was riding on his donkey, and his two servants were with him.
23verseThe donkey saw the LORD’s angel standing in the way, with his sword drawn in his hand; and the donkey turned out of the path, and went into the field. Balaam struck the donkey, to turn her into the path.
24verseThen the LORD’s angel stood in a narrow path between the vineyards, a wall being on this side, and a wall on that side.
25verseThe donkey saw the LORD’s angel, and she thrust herself to the wall, and crushed Balaam’s foot against the wall. He struck her again.
26verseThe LORD’s angel went further, and stood in a narrow place, where there was no way to turn either to the right hand or to the left.
27verseThe donkey saw the LORD’s angel, and she lay down under Balaam. Balaam’s anger burned, and he struck the donkey with his staff.
28verseThe LORD opened the mouth of the donkey, and she said to Balaam, “What have I done to you, that you have struck me these three times?”
29verseBalaam said to the donkey, “Because you have mocked me, I wish there were a sword in my hand, for now I would have killed you.”
30verseThe donkey said to Balaam, “Am I not your donkey, on which you have ridden all your life long until today? Was I ever in the habit of doing so to you?” He said, “No.”
31verseThen the LORD opened the eyes of Balaam, and he saw the LORD’s angel standing in the way, with his sword drawn in his hand; and he bowed his head, and fell on his face.
32verseThe LORD’s angel said to him, “Why have you struck your donkey these three times? Behold, I have come out as an adversary, because your way is perverse before me.
33verseThe donkey saw me, and turned away before me these three times. Unless she had turned away from me, surely now I would have killed you, and saved her alive.”
34verseBalaam said to the LORD’s angel, “I have sinned; for I didn’t know that you stood in the way against me. Now therefore, if it displeases you, I will go back again.”
35verseThe LORD’s angel said to Balaam, “Go with the men; but you shall only speak the word that I shall speak to you.” So Balaam went with the princes of Balak.
36verseWhen Balak heard that Balaam had come, he went out to meet him to the City of Moab, which is on the border of the Arnon, which is in the utmost part of the border.
37verseBalak said to Balaam, “Didn’t I earnestly send for you to summon you? Why didn’t you come to me? Am I not able indeed to promote you to honor?”
38verseBalaam said to Balak, “Behold, I have come to you. Have I now any power at all to speak anything? I will speak the word that God puts in my mouth.”
39verseBalaam went with Balak, and they came to Kiriath Huzoth.
40verseBalak sacrificed cattle and sheep, and sent to Balaam, and to the princes who were with him.
41verseIn the morning, Balak took Balaam, and brought him up into the high places of Baal; and he saw from there part of the people.
Key Content Explanation
- Verses 1–4: Lost animals or possessions must not be ignored; they are to be returned or cared for until they can be returned.
- Verses 5, 9–12: Laws about clothing, mixed seed, mixed plowing, mixed fabric, and tassels express Israel’s symbolic concern for distinction and ordered identity.
- Verses 6–7: The bird’s nest law limits taking and preserves the mother bird, reflecting restraint toward living creatures.
- Verse 8: A parapet must be built on a roof, showing responsibility to prevent foreseeable harm.
- Verses 13–30: Laws concerning marriage and sexual misconduct address accusations, consent, violation, responsibility, and family order within the ancient legal setting.
Interpretive Note
Some regulations in this chapter, especially those concerning sexuality and penalties, reflect ancient Israelite legal assumptions and require careful contextual interpretation. A neutral commentary should describe what the text says without turning every ancient legal form into a direct modern policy. The broader themes include truthfulness, protection from harm, responsibility for one’s neighbor, and the seriousness of sexual wrongdoing.
Meditation Points
- How seriously do I take responsibility for another person’s loss, safety, or vulnerability?
- What does the roof-parapet law teach about preventing harm before it happens?
- How can truth and justice be protected when accusations or intimate relationships are involved?
Apply to Yourself
- Do not ignore someone else’s loss or danger simply because it is inconvenient.
- Look for one practical way to make your home, work, or community environment safer for others.
- Practice truthfulness and care in matters involving reputation, sexuality, and relationships.
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