Matthew 16

Passage overview

In Matthew 16, the passage can be divided into four main parts. The first (verses 1–4) shows the Pharisees and Sadducees demanding that Jesus provide a sign. The second (verses 5–12) is where Jesus teaches His disciples to be on guard against the yeast of the Pharisees and Sadducees. In the third (verses 13–20), in Caesarea Philippi, Peter confesses Jesus as the Christ, and Jesus speaks about the community He will build. Finally, the last part (verses 21–28) is where Jesus first reveals His suffering, death, and resurrection, and teaches about the way of discipleship.

1verseThe Pharisees and Sadducees came, and testing him, asked him to show them a sign from heaven.

2verseBut he answered them, “When it is evening, you say, ‘It will be fair weather, for the sky is red.’

3verseIn the morning, ‘It will be foul weather today, for the sky is red and threatening.’ Hypocrites! You know how to discern the appearance of the sky, but you can’t discern the signs of the times!

4verseAn evil and adulterous generation seeks after a sign, and there will be no sign given to it, except the sign of the prophet Jonah.” He left them and departed.

5verseThe disciples came to the other side and had forgotten to take bread.

6verseJesus said to them, “Take heed and beware of the yeast of the Pharisees and Sadducees.”

7verseThey reasoned among themselves, saying, “We brought no bread.”

8verseJesus, perceiving it, said, “Why do you reason among yourselves, you of little faith, because you have brought no bread?

9verseDon’t you yet perceive or remember the five loaves for the five thousand, and how many baskets you took up,

10verseor the seven loaves for the four thousand, and how many baskets you took up?

11verseHow is it that you don’t perceive that I didn’t speak to you concerning bread? But beware of the yeast of the Pharisees and Sadducees.”

12verseThen they understood that he didn’t tell them to beware of the yeast of bread, but of the teaching of the Pharisees and Sadducees.

13verseNow when Jesus came into the parts of Caesarea Philippi, he asked his disciples, saying, “Who do men say that I, the Son of Man, am?”

14verseThey said, “Some say John the Baptizer, some, Elijah, and others, Jeremiah or one of the prophets.”

15verseHe said to them, “But who do you say that I am?”

16verseSimon Peter answered, “You are the Christ, the Son of the living God.”

17verseJesus answered him, “Blessed are you, Simon Bar Jonah, for flesh and blood has not revealed this to you, but my Father who is in heaven.

18verseI also tell you that you are Peter, and on this rock I will build my assembly, and the gates of Hades will not prevail against it.

19verseI will give to you the keys of the Kingdom of Heaven, and whatever you bind on earth will have been bound in heaven; and whatever you release on earth will have been released in heaven.”

20verseThen he commanded the disciples that they should tell no one that he was Jesus the Christ.

21verseFrom that time, Jesus began to show his disciples that he must go to Jerusalem and suffer many things from the elders, chief priests, and scribes, and be killed, and the third day be raised up.

22versePeter took him aside and began to rebuke him, saying, “Far be it from you, Lord! This will never be done to you.”

23verseBut he turned and said to Peter, “Get behind me, Satan! You are a stumbling block to me, for you are not setting your mind on the things of God, but on the things of men.”

24verseThen Jesus said to his disciples, “If anyone desires to come after me, let him deny himself, take up his cross, and follow me.

25verseFor whoever desires to save his life will lose it, and whoever will lose his life for my sake will find it.

26verseFor what will it profit a man if he gains the whole world and forfeits his life? Or what will a man give in exchange for his life?

27verseFor the Son of Man will come in the glory of his Father with his angels, and then he will give to everyone according to his deeds.

28verseMost certainly I tell you, there are some standing here who will in no way taste of death until they see the Son of Man coming in his Kingdom.”

Those Who Seek a Sign (Verses 1–4)

The Pharisees and Sadducees demand that Jesus show them a sign from heaven. But Jesus points out their attitude of ignoring the signs He has provided up to this point, and says that He will not show any sign except the sign of Jonah. This reveals the danger of faith that becomes obsessed with signs.

Be on Guard Against the Yeast (Verses 5–12)

Jesus warns His disciples, "Be on guard against the yeast of the Pharisees and Sadducees." The disciples initially misunderstand it as something about bread, but Jesus makes it clear that it is a warning about their teaching. This passage emphasizes the importance of purity of the heart and of true faith, more than outward forms.

Peter’s Confession and Jesus’ Community (Verses 13–20)

At Caesarea Philippi, Peter confesses Jesus as “the Christ, the Son of the living God.” Jesus responds with words about the rock, the building of His community, and the keys of the kingdom of heaven. Interpretations differ over the precise referent of “this rock,” so a neutral explanation should note the main textual point: the passage emphasizes Jesus’ identity, the authority He gives, and the formation of a community grounded in the revelation of who He is.

Suffering and the Way of Discipleship (Verses 21–28)

Jesus first reveals that He will suffer, be put to death in Jerusalem, and then rise again. The disciples do not understand this, and Peter tries to stop Jesus. Jesus says, "Whoever wants to be my disciple must deny themselves and take up their cross and follow me" (verse 24). This passage emphasizes that the true path of discipleship is a life of self-denial and following Jesus.

Points to Reflect On

  • Am I not, in my faith life, seeking only signs or miracles?
  • In my life and faith, is there not any "yeast" from the Pharisees and Sadducees—only valuing appearances, or having incorrect teachings?
  • Who is Jesus to me? What is at the center of my faith?
  • Let us reflect on what it means to follow Jesus, and how we can live a life of self-denial.

Try Applying It to Yourself

  • Let us consider what the "cross" I must bear today might be.
  • Let us check how my confession of faith is revealed in my words, actions, and everyday life.
  • Let us make a specific commitment (even if only a small one) to practice a true life of discipleship.