Matthew 13

Passage overview

Matthew 13 is where Jesus teaches the mysteries of the kingdom of heaven to his disciples and the crowds using parables. In this chapter, multiple parables are presented in succession, including the sower, wheat and tares, the mustard seed, yeast, the hidden treasure, the priceless pearl, and the net. Jesus uses parables to explain the characteristics of God’s kingdom (the kingdom of heaven), the condition of the people within it, and the expansion and judgment of heaven.

1verseOn that day Jesus went out of the house and sat by the seaside.

2verseGreat multitudes gathered to him, so that he entered into a boat and sat; and all the multitude stood on the beach.

3verseHe spoke to them many things in parables, saying, “Behold, a farmer went out to sow.

4verseAs he sowed, some seeds fell by the roadside, and the birds came and devoured them.

5verseOthers fell on rocky ground, where they didn’t have much soil, and immediately they sprang up, because they had no depth of earth.

6verseWhen the sun had risen, they were scorched. Because they had no root, they withered away.

7verseOthers fell among thorns. The thorns grew up and choked them.

8verseOthers fell on good soil and yielded fruit: some one hundred times as much, some sixty, and some thirty.

9verseHe who has ears to hear, let him hear.”

10verseThe disciples came, and said to him, “Why do you speak to them in parables?”

11verseHe answered them, “To you it is given to know the mysteries of the Kingdom of Heaven, but it is not given to them.

12verseFor whoever has, to him will be given, and he will have abundance; but whoever doesn’t have, from him will be taken away even that which he has.

13verseTherefore I speak to them in parables, because seeing they don’t see, and hearing, they don’t hear, neither do they understand.

14verseIn them the prophecy of Isaiah is fulfilled, which says, ‘By hearing you will hear, and will in no way understand; Seeing you will see, and will in no way perceive;

15versefor this people’s heart has grown callous, their ears are dull of hearing, and they have closed their eyes; or else perhaps they might perceive with their eyes, hear with their ears, understand with their heart, and would turn again, and I would heal them.’

16verse“But blessed are your eyes, for they see; and your ears, for they hear.

17verseFor most certainly I tell you that many prophets and righteous men desired to see the things which you see, and didn’t see them; and to hear the things which you hear, and didn’t hear them.

18verse“Hear, then, the parable of the farmer.

19verseWhen anyone hears the word of the Kingdom and doesn’t understand it, the evil one comes and snatches away that which has been sown in his heart. This is what was sown by the roadside.

20verseWhat was sown on the rocky places, this is he who hears the word and immediately with joy receives it;

21verseyet he has no root in himself, but endures for a while. When oppression or persecution arises because of the word, immediately he stumbles.

22verseWhat was sown among the thorns, this is he who hears the word, but the cares of this age and the deceitfulness of riches choke the word, and he becomes unfruitful.

23verseWhat was sown on the good ground, this is he who hears the word and understands it, who most certainly bears fruit and produces, some one hundred times as much, some sixty, and some thirty.”

24verseHe set another parable before them, saying, “The Kingdom of Heaven is like a man who sowed good seed in his field,

25versebut while people slept, his enemy came and sowed darnel weeds also among the wheat, and went away.

26verseBut when the blade sprang up and produced grain, then the darnel weeds appeared also.

27verseThe servants of the householder came and said to him, ‘Sir, didn’t you sow good seed in your field? Where did these darnel weeds come from?’

28verse“He said to them, ‘An enemy has done this.’ “The servants asked him, ‘Do you want us to go and gather them up?’

29verse“But he said, ‘No, lest perhaps while you gather up the darnel weeds, you root up the wheat with them.

30verseLet both grow together until the harvest, and in the harvest time I will tell the reapers, “First, gather up the darnel weeds, and bind them in bundles to burn them; but gather the wheat into my barn.”’”

31verseHe set another parable before them, saying, “The Kingdom of Heaven is like a grain of mustard seed which a man took, and sowed in his field,

32versewhich indeed is smaller than all seeds. But when it is grown, it is greater than the herbs and becomes a tree, so that the birds of the air come and lodge in its branches.”

33verseHe spoke another parable to them. “The Kingdom of Heaven is like yeast which a woman took and hid in three measures of meal, until it was all leavened.”

34verseJesus spoke all these things in parables to the multitudes; and without a parable, he didn’t speak to them,

35versethat it might be fulfilled which was spoken through the prophet, saying, “I will open my mouth in parables; I will utter things hidden from the foundation of the world.”

36verseThen Jesus sent the multitudes away, and went into the house. His disciples came to him, saying, “Explain to us the parable of the darnel weeds of the field.”

37verseHe answered them, “He who sows the good seed is the Son of Man,

38versethe field is the world, the good seeds are the children of the Kingdom, and the darnel weeds are the children of the evil one.

39verseThe enemy who sowed them is the devil. The harvest is the end of the age, and the reapers are angels.

40verseAs therefore the darnel weeds are gathered up and burned with fire; so will it be at the end of this age.

41verseThe Son of Man will send out his angels, and they will gather out of his Kingdom all things that cause stumbling and those who do iniquity,

42verseand will cast them into the furnace of fire. There will be weeping and gnashing of teeth.

43verseThen the righteous will shine like the sun in the Kingdom of their Father. He who has ears to hear, let him hear.

44verse“Again, the Kingdom of Heaven is like treasure hidden in the field, which a man found and hid. In his joy, he goes and sells all that he has and buys that field.

45verse“Again, the Kingdom of Heaven is like a man who is a merchant seeking fine pearls,

46versewho having found one pearl of great price, he went and sold all that he had and bought it.

47verse“Again, the Kingdom of Heaven is like a dragnet that was cast into the sea and gathered some fish of every kind,

48versewhich, when it was filled, fishermen drew up on the beach. They sat down and gathered the good into containers, but the bad they threw away.

49verseSo it will be in the end of the world. The angels will come and separate the wicked from among the righteous,

50verseand will cast them into the furnace of fire. There will be weeping and gnashing of teeth.”

51verseJesus said to them, “Have you understood all these things?” They answered him, “Yes, Lord.”

52verseHe said to them, “Therefore every scribe who has been made a disciple in the Kingdom of Heaven is like a man who is a householder, who brings out of his treasure new and old things.”

53verseWhen Jesus had finished these parables, he departed from there.

54verseComing into his own country, he taught them in their synagogue, so that they were astonished and said, “Where did this man get this wisdom and these mighty works?

55verseIsn’t this the carpenter’s son? Isn’t his mother called Mary, and his brothers James, Joses, Simon, and Judas?

56verseAren’t all of his sisters with us? Where then did this man get all of these things?”

57verseThey were offended by him. But Jesus said to them, “A prophet is not without honor, except in his own country and in his own house.”

58verseHe didn’t do many mighty works there because of their unbelief.

The Structure and Flow of the Whole Chapter

  • The illustration of the sower (verses 1–23): Jesus describes the various responses people have when they hear and accept God’s word. The disciples ask what the illustration means, and Jesus explains the purpose of the illustration.
  • The illustration of the wheat and the tares and its interpretation (verses 24–30, 36–43): Through the sight of good seed and tares growing together, he conveys the meaning that good and evil coexist within the kingdom, and that at the end he will gather the tares separately.
  • The mustard seed and yeast (verses 31–33): It shows that God’s kingdom begins small and humble, but gradually expands and gains influence over the world.
  • Illustrations of the hidden treasure, the priceless pearl, and the net (verses 44–52): It emphasizes how valuable the kingdom of heaven is—something that cannot be exchanged for anything—and it addresses the attitude of the person who discovers this value as well as God’s final judgment.

The Meaning and Characteristics of the Illustrations

The reason Jesus spoke in illustrations is that those who long for truth would think more deeply, while those whose hearts are closed would be left with only superficial stories. In each illustration, themes such as “the heart and attitude of the hearer,” “the expansion of the kingdom of God,” and “final judgment” appear repeatedly. Hearing and understanding the word, and living according to it, are important messages Jesus conveys through these illustrations.

Meditation Points

  • We need to reflect on how we respond to the word we hear. When seed is planted in your heart, consider how it grows.
  • Let’s check whether we truly regard the value of the kingdom of heaven as precious and whether we recognize it as something that cannot be exchanged for anything else.
  • While acknowledging the reality that both good seed and tares can grow together, we must ultimately trust that God will judge with justice and completeness.

Apply It to Me

  • Let’s renew our commitment to listen to the word, and make an effort to care well for the soil of our hearts.
  • Take a close look at how God’s kingdom is expanding in life and whether, through you, good influence is being passed on to the world.
  • Let’s also make a decision to dwell in the word every day, so that I too can become a precious “wheat” of God’s kingdom, and to live faithfully in the place where I am given to live.