Matthew 10

Passage overview

Matthew 10 begins with Jesus calling the twelve disciples and giving them a mission. In this chapter, as Jesus assigns the disciples the task of proclaiming the gospel, He also speaks specifically about the realities they will face, what they should pay attention to, and the attitude of those sent on a mission for God’s kingdom. The chapter’s structure can be divided broadly into the disciples’ calling (verses 1–4), the sending and the mission (verses 5–15), warnings and encouragement (verses 16–25), fear and a valuable decision (verses 26–33), conflict caused by the gospel (verses 34–39), and the blessings of those who welcome the disciples (verses 40–42).

1verseHe called to himself his twelve disciples, and gave them authority over unclean spirits, to cast them out, and to heal every disease and every sickness.

2verseNow the names of the twelve apostles are these. The first, Simon, who is called Peter; Andrew, his brother; James the son of Zebedee; John, his brother;

3versePhilip; Bartholomew; Thomas; Matthew the tax collector; James the son of Alphaeus; Lebbaeus, who was also called Thaddaeus;

4verseSimon the Zealot; and Judas Iscariot, who also betrayed him.

5verseJesus sent these twelve out and commanded them, saying, “Don’t go among the Gentiles, and don’t enter into any city of the Samaritans.

6verseRather, go to the lost sheep of the house of Israel.

7verseAs you go, preach, saying, ‘The Kingdom of Heaven is at hand!’

8verseHeal the sick, cleanse the lepers, and cast out demons. Freely you received, so freely give.

9verseDon’t take any gold, silver, or brass in your money belts.

10verseTake no bag for your journey, neither two coats, nor sandals, nor staff: for the laborer is worthy of his food.

11verseInto whatever city or village you enter, find out who in it is worthy, and stay there until you go on.

12verseAs you enter into the household, greet it.

13verseIf the household is worthy, let your peace come on it, but if it isn’t worthy, let your peace return to you.

14verseWhoever doesn’t receive you or hear your words, as you go out of that house or that city, shake the dust off your feet.

15verseMost certainly I tell you, it will be more tolerable for the land of Sodom and Gomorrah in the day of judgment than for that city.

16verse“Behold, I send you out as sheep among wolves. Therefore be wise as serpents and harmless as doves.

17verseBut beware of men, for they will deliver you up to councils, and in their synagogues they will scourge you.

18verseYes, and you will be brought before governors and kings for my sake, for a testimony to them and to the nations.

19verseBut when they deliver you up, don’t be anxious how or what you will say, for it will be given you in that hour what you will say.

20verseFor it is not you who speak, but the Spirit of your Father who speaks in you.

21verse“Brother will deliver up brother to death, and the father his child. Children will rise up against parents and cause them to be put to death.

22verseYou will be hated by all men for my name’s sake, but he who endures to the end will be saved.

23verseBut when they persecute you in this city, flee into the next, for most certainly I tell you, you will not have gone through the cities of Israel until the Son of Man has come.

24verse“A disciple is not above his teacher, nor a servant above his lord.

25verseIt is enough for the disciple that he be like his teacher, and the servant like his lord. If they have called the master of the house Beelzebul, how much more those of his household!

26verseTherefore don’t be afraid of them, for there is nothing covered that will not be revealed, or hidden that will not be known.

27verseWhat I tell you in the darkness, speak in the light; and what you hear whispered in the ear, proclaim on the housetops.

28verseDon’t be afraid of those who kill the body, but are not able to kill the soul. Rather, fear him who is able to destroy both soul and body in Gehenna.

29verse“Aren’t two sparrows sold for an assarion coin? Not one of them falls to the ground apart from your Father’s will.

30verseBut the very hairs of your head are all numbered.

31verseTherefore don’t be afraid. You are of more value than many sparrows.

32verseEveryone therefore who confesses me before men, I will also confess him before my Father who is in heaven.

33verseBut whoever denies me before men, I will also deny him before my Father who is in heaven.

34verse“Don’t think that I came to send peace on the earth. I didn’t come to send peace, but a sword.

35verseFor I came to set a man at odds against his father, and a daughter against her mother, and a daughter-in-law against her mother-in-law.

36verseA man’s foes will be those of his own household.

37verseHe who loves father or mother more than me is not worthy of me; and he who loves son or daughter more than me isn’t worthy of me.

38verseHe who doesn’t take his cross and follow after me isn’t worthy of me.

39verseHe who seeks his life will lose it; and he who loses his life for my sake will find it.

40verse“He who receives you receives me, and he who receives me receives him who sent me.

41verseHe who receives a prophet in the name of a prophet will receive a prophet’s reward. He who receives a righteous man in the name of a righteous man will receive a righteous man’s reward.

42verseWhoever gives one of these little ones just a cup of cold water to drink in the name of a disciple, most certainly I tell you, he will in no way lose his reward.”

The Sending and Mission of the Disciples

Jesus commands the disciples to go to the lost sheep of Israel and proclaim, “The kingdom of heaven has come near” (verses 5–7). He also grants them authority to heal the sick, raise the dead, and drive out demons (verse 8). Here, we can see that the disciples’ mission is not just about delivering messages with words; it also includes putting God’s power and love into practice through their lives. At the same time, along with the instruction to rely on God instead of worrying about everyday life, there is also guidance to leave the house and shake the dust from their feet where the people reject the gospel (verses 9–15).

Warnings and Encouragement

Jesus likens it to the disciples being sent “like sheep in among wolves”'like sheep sent in among wolves', and speaks candidly about the suffering and persecution they will experience in the world (verse 16). However, He tells them not to be afraid and promises that God will protect the disciples (verses 28–31). There will surely be difficulties in the work of proclaiming the gospel, but the disciples are encouraged to endure with patience and hope. In this process, the disciple is invited into a place to imitate the teacher—namely, a life that follows Jesus’ path.

Conflict and Decision in the Gospel

In the latter part of Matthew chapter 10, Jesus warns that the gospel can bring conflict even among family members (verses 34–36). This means that following the gospel sometimes requires laying down familiar relationships and comfort and making a decision to pursue God alone. “Take up your cross and follow me” (verses 38–39) emphasizes the importance of true discipleship sacrifice and devotion, and of living by what is truly valuable.

Meditation Points

  • As a disciple who has received the gospel, I reflect on what mission I have.
  • Even amid difficulties and misunderstandings in the world, I consider whether I can apply to my life today the way of living by faith rather than fear.
  • When proclaiming the gospel, I examine whether I am showing practical love together with God’s power.

Try Applying It to Me

  • In my everyday life, I plan concretely how I can carry out the mission God has entrusted to me.
  • When conflicts arise because of the gospel in close relationships such as family, friends, and neighbors, I ask for the courage to follow Jesus faithfully with love and wisdom.
  • Even in times of difficulty, I think about the attitude of living that overcomes fear and puts God’s will first.