Mark 12
Mark 12 is the section that records debates and teachings that Jesus shared with various people in the Jerusalem Temple. The chapter begins with the Parable of the Tenants(verses 1-12), then moves on to questions and answers with religious leaders (verses 13-34), and finally to Jesus’ teachings about the Temple (verses 35-44). Each episode contains what Jesus reveals about the religious authority of the time, what its true nature is, and the true standard of God’s kingdom.
1verseHe began to speak to them in parables. “A man planted a vineyard, put a hedge around it, dug a pit for the wine press, built a tower, rented it out to a farmer, and went into another country.
2verseWhen it was time, he sent a servant to the farmer to get from the farmer his share of the fruit of the vineyard.
3verseThey took him, beat him, and sent him away empty.
4verseAgain, he sent another servant to them; and they threw stones at him, wounded him in the head, and sent him away shamefully treated.
5verseAgain he sent another, and they killed him, and many others, beating some, and killing some.
6verseTherefore still having one, his beloved son, he sent him last to them, saying, ‘They will respect my son.’
7verseBut those farmers said among themselves, ‘This is the heir. Come, let’s kill him, and the inheritance will be ours.’
8verseThey took him, killed him, and cast him out of the vineyard.
9verseWhat therefore will the lord of the vineyard do? He will come and destroy the farmers, and will give the vineyard to others.
10verseHaven’t you even read this Scripture: ‘The stone which the builders rejected was made the head of the corner.
11verseThis was from the Lord. It is marvelous in our eyes’?”
12verseThey tried to seize him, but they feared the multitude; for they perceived that he spoke the parable against them. They left him and went away.
13verseThey sent some of the Pharisees and the Herodians to him, that they might trap him with words.
14verseWhen they had come, they asked him, “Teacher, we know that you are honest, and don’t defer to anyone; for you aren’t partial to anyone, but truly teach the way of God. Is it lawful to pay taxes to Caesar, or not?
15verseShall we give, or shall we not give?” But he, knowing their hypocrisy, said to them, “Why do you test me? Bring me a denarius, that I may see it.”
16verseThey brought it. He said to them, “Whose is this image and inscription?” They said to him, “Caesar’s.”
17verseJesus answered them, “Give to Caesar the things that are Caesar’s, and to God the things that are God’s.” They marveled greatly at him.
18verseSome Sadducees, who say that there is no resurrection, came to him. They asked him, saying,
19verse“Teacher, Moses wrote to us, ‘If a man’s brother dies and leaves a wife behind him, and leaves no children, that his brother should take his wife and raise up offspring for his brother.’
20verseThere were seven brothers. The first took a wife, and dying left no offspring.
21verseThe second took her, and died, leaving no children behind him. The third likewise;
22verseand the seven took her and left no children. Last of all the woman also died.
23verseIn the resurrection, when they rise, whose wife will she be of them? For the seven had her as a wife.”
24verseJesus answered them, “Isn’t this because you are mistaken, not knowing the Scriptures nor the power of God?
25verseFor when they will rise from the dead, they neither marry nor are given in marriage, but are like angels in heaven.
26verseBut about the dead, that they are raised, haven’t you read in the book of Moses about the Bush, how God spoke to him, saying, ‘I am the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob’?
27verseHe is not the God of the dead, but of the living. You are therefore badly mistaken.”
28verseOne of the scribes came and heard them questioning together, and knowing that he had answered them well, asked him, “Which commandment is the greatest of all?”
29verseJesus answered, “The greatest is: ‘Hear, Israel, the Lord our God, the Lord is one.
30verseYou shall love the Lord your God with all your heart, with all your soul, with all your mind, and with all your strength.’ This is the first commandment.
31verseThe second is like this: ‘You shall love your neighbor as yourself.’ There is no other commandment greater than these.”
32verseThe scribe said to him, “Truly, teacher, you have said well that he is one, and there is none other but he;
33verseand to love him with all the heart, with all the understanding, all the soul, and with all the strength, and to love his neighbor as himself, is more important than all whole burnt offerings and sacrifices.”
34verseWhen Jesus saw that he answered wisely, he said to him, “You are not far from God’s Kingdom.” No one dared ask him any question after that.
35verseJesus responded, as he taught in the temple, “How is it that the scribes say that the Christ is the son of David?
36verseFor David himself said in the Holy Spirit, ‘The Lord said to my Lord, “Sit at my right hand, until I make your enemies the footstool of your feet.”’
37verseTherefore David himself calls him Lord, so how can he be his son?” The common people heard him gladly.
38verseIn his teaching he said to them, “Beware of the scribes, who like to walk in long robes, and to get greetings in the marketplaces,
39verseand to get the best seats in the synagogues and the best places at feasts,
40versethose who devour widows’ houses, and for a pretense make long prayers. These will receive greater condemnation.”
41verseJesus sat down opposite the treasury and saw how the multitude cast money into the treasury. Many who were rich cast in much.
42verseA poor widow came and she cast in two small brass coins, which equal a quadrans coin.
43verseHe called his disciples to himself and said to them, “Most certainly I tell you, this poor widow gave more than all those who are giving into the treasury,
44versefor they all gave out of their abundance, but she, out of her poverty, gave all that she had to live on.”
Parable of the Tenants (Verses 1-12)
Through the parable of the vineyard owner and the tenants, Jesus speaks in figures about God, Israel, and His own mission. The vineyard symbolizes Israel, and the tenants represent leaders whom God called, the servants and the son represent the prophets and Jesus Himself. Through the tenants’ disobedience and the event where even the owner’s son is killed, a message about true obedience and judgment is conveyed.
Debates and Q&A (Verses 13-34)
In this section, various religious leaders of the time—such as the Pharisees, the Herodians, the Sadducees, and the teachers of the law—try to trap Jesus by asking Him questions.
- The issue of taxes for Caesar (verses 13-17): In response to their question about taxes, Jesus gives the famous answer, “Give to Caesar what is Caesar’s, and to God what is God’s.”
- The debate about the resurrection (verses 18-27): In the debate with the Sadducees about the resurrection, Jesus emphasizes that God is the God of the living.
- The greatest commandment (verses 28-34): When a teacher of the law asks what the greatest commandment is, Jesus confirms that love for God and love for one’s neighbor are the essence of the law.
Teachings About the Temple and Warnings (Verses 35-44)
Jesus reveals the essence of true faith through His questions about the son of David (verses 35-37), His warning against the hypocrisy of the scribes (verses 38-40), and the offering of two small coins by a poor widow (verses 41-44).
It is emphasized that what matters to God is not a person’s outward appearance, but the heart and genuine devotion.Points for Reflection
- Let’s reflect on how Jesus viewed the empty religious formalism and hypocrisy of the leaders of that time.
- Reflect on how the words, “Give to Caesar what is Caesar’s, and to God what is God’s,” can be applied to both my faith life and my social life.
- Take time to think deeply about why the widow’s small offering became so meaningful, and to look back on what my attitude of devotion and reverence is like.
Try Applying It to Yourself
- Let’s check whether my faith and actions are truly genuine and whole before God, rather than being focused on outward forms or people’s evaluations.
- So that God’s love and love for one’s neighbor become the center of life, let’s practice serving and obeying with all our hearts even in small matters.
- Remember that God is the owner of all areas of life, and think specifically about how I can offer to God what I have—my time and my talents—as well.