Luke 4

Passage overview

Luke Chapter 4 is a very important chapter that signals the full-fledged start of Jesus’ public ministry. It is divided into three main parts: Jesus’ temptation, the proclamation in his hometown synagogue in Nazareth, and the gospel ministry in Capernaum. Overall, it is structured so that you can reflect on how Jesus carries out his mission as the Messiah and where his authority comes from.

1verseJesus, full of the Holy Spirit, returned from the Jordan and was led by the Spirit into the wilderness

2versefor forty days, being tempted by the devil. He ate nothing in those days. Afterward, when they were completed, he was hungry.

3verseThe devil said to him, “If you are the Son of God, command this stone to become bread.”

4verseJesus answered him, saying, “It is written, ‘Man shall not live by bread alone, but by every word of God.’”

5verseThe devil, leading him up on a high mountain, showed him all the kingdoms of the world in a moment of time.

6verseThe devil said to him, “I will give you all this authority and their glory, for it has been delivered to me, and I give it to whomever I want.

7verseIf you therefore will worship before me, it will all be yours.”

8verseJesus answered him, “Get behind me, Satan! For it is written, ‘You shall worship the Lord your God, and you shall serve him only.’”

9verseHe led him to Jerusalem and set him on the pinnacle of the temple, and said to him, “If you are the Son of God, cast yourself down from here,

10versefor it is written, ‘He will put his angels in charge of you, to guard you;’

11verseand, ‘On their hands they will bear you up, lest perhaps you dash your foot against a stone.’”

12verseJesus answering, said to him, “It has been said, ‘You shall not tempt the Lord your God.’”

13verseWhen the devil had completed every temptation, he departed from him until another time.

14verseJesus returned in the power of the Spirit into Galilee, and news about him spread through all the surrounding area.

15verseHe taught in their synagogues, being glorified by all.

16verseHe came to Nazareth, where he had been brought up. He entered, as was his custom, into the synagogue on the Sabbath day, and stood up to read.

17verseThe book of the prophet Isaiah was handed to him. He opened the book, and found the place where it was written,

18verse“The Spirit of the Lord is on me, because he has anointed me to preach good news to the poor. He has sent me to heal the broken hearted, to proclaim release to the captives, recovering of sight to the blind, to deliver those who are crushed,

19verseand to proclaim the acceptable year of the Lord.”

20verseHe closed the book, gave it back to the attendant, and sat down. The eyes of all in the synagogue were fastened on him.

21verseHe began to tell them, “Today, this Scripture has been fulfilled in your hearing.”

22verseAll testified about him and wondered at the gracious words which proceeded out of his mouth; and they said, “Isn’t this Joseph’s son?”

23verseHe said to them, “Doubtless you will tell me this proverb, ‘Physician, heal yourself! Whatever we have heard done at Capernaum, do also here in your hometown.’”

24verseHe said, “Most certainly I tell you, no prophet is acceptable in his hometown.

25verseBut truly I tell you, there were many widows in Israel in the days of Elijah, when the sky was shut up three years and six months, when a great famine came over all the land.

26verseElijah was sent to none of them, except to Zarephath, in the land of Sidon, to a woman who was a widow.

27verseThere were many lepers in Israel in the time of Elisha the prophet, yet not one of them was cleansed, except Naaman, the Syrian.”

28verseThey were all filled with wrath in the synagogue as they heard these things.

29verseThey rose up, threw him out of the city, and led him to the brow of the hill that their city was built on, that they might throw him off the cliff.

30verseBut he, passing through the middle of them, went his way.

31verseHe came down to Capernaum, a city of Galilee. He was teaching them on the Sabbath day,

32verseand they were astonished at his teaching, for his word was with authority.

33verseIn the synagogue there was a man who had a spirit of an unclean demon; and he cried out with a loud voice,

34versesaying, “Ah! what have we to do with you, Jesus of Nazareth? Have you come to destroy us? I know who you are: the Holy One of God!”

35verseJesus rebuked him, saying, “Be silent and come out of him!” When the demon had thrown him down in the middle of them, he came out of him, having done him no harm.

36verseAmazement came on all and they spoke together, one with another, saying, “What is this word? For with authority and power he commands the unclean spirits, and they come out!”

37verseNews about him went out into every place of the surrounding region.

38verseHe rose up from the synagogue and entered into Simon’s house. Simon’s mother-in-law was afflicted with a great fever, and they begged him to help her.

39verseHe stood over her and rebuked the fever, and it left her. Immediately she rose up and served them.

40verseWhen the sun was setting, all those who had any sick with various diseases brought them to him; and he laid his hands on every one of them, and healed them.

41verseDemons also came out of many, crying out and saying, “You are the Christ, the Son of God!” Rebuking them, he didn’t allow them to speak, because they knew that he was the Christ.

42verseWhen it was day, he departed and went into an uninhabited place and the multitudes looked for him, and came to him, and held on to him, so that he wouldn’t go away from them.

43verseBut he said to them, “I must preach the good news of God’s Kingdom to the other cities also. For this reason I have been sent.”

44verseHe was preaching in the synagogues of Galilee.

Jesus’ Temptation (4:1-13)

Led by the Holy Spirit, Jesus goes into the wilderness and receives three temptations from Satan. Each temptation consists of temptation to material gain ("turn these stones into bread"), temptation to power ("the glory of all the kingdoms" ), and temptation to misuse prayer ("throw yourself down from the pinnacle of the temple"). In every temptation, Jesus answers with the word of God, showing that his mission is not about the world’s values or human methods, but solely in God’s will and God’s word.

The Proclamation in the Synagogue in Nazareth (4:14-30)

In the synagogue of his hometown Nazareth, Jesus reads the words of Isaiah ("Isaiah 61:1-2") and proclaims that they have been fulfilled in him. This is the event in which Jesus first publicly reveals his identity as the Messiah and his mission. However, the people of his hometown do not believe in Jesus and reject him. This shows that when the prophesied Messiah comes differently than people expected, they cannot easily accept it. Through the stories of the Gentile prophet Elijah and Elisha, Jesus emphasizes that God’s salvation and grace are not limited to a specific people or region.

Ministry in Capernaum (4:31-44)

Jesus moves to Capernaum, teaches on the Sabbath, and heals those who are possessed by demons. People are amazed that his authority is present in his teaching. Then he heals many people’s illnesses, including Simon’s mother-in-law. Jesus’ ministry shows that the kingdom of God has come in both his words and his actions. You can also see, at the end, that Jesus devotes himself to prayer and evangelism.

Points to Reflect On

  • Remember that Jesus won even amid temptation by using the word, and you can reflect on how important it is for us to hold on to the word in the midst of life’s temptations.
  • Through Jesus’ example of not giving up his mission even when he is rejected by his hometown, you can think about what it looks like to live a life without wavering in mission and identity.
  • As Jesus went to seek the sick and those possessed by demons, reflect on the fact that the power of the gospel still comes today to the weak.

Try Applying It to Yourself

  • When you face temptation, check whether training yourself to respond with the word is taking root in your life.
  • Take another look at what the mission the Lord has entrusted to you is, and what role you play in the place where you are.
  • Imitate Jesus’ service and healing; even if it is a small matter, respond sensitively to the needs around you.