Luke 23

Passage overview

Luke 23 covers Jesus’ trial, crucifixion, and death. The content can be divided into three parts. First, we see the process in which Jesus is questioned before Pilate and Herod (verses 1–25). Next comes the journey toward the cross and the lamentations (verses 26–49). Finally, the scene of the burial appears (verses 50–56). Through all of this flow, Jesus’ innocence is revealed, along with the condition of sinners and God’s saving plan.

1verseThe whole company of them rose up and brought him before Pilate.

2verseThey began to accuse him, saying, “We found this man perverting the nation, forbidding paying taxes to Caesar, and saying that he himself is Christ, a king.”

3versePilate asked him, “Are you the King of the Jews?” He answered him, “So you say.”

4versePilate said to the chief priests and the multitudes, “I find no basis for a charge against this man.”

5verseBut they insisted, saying, “He stirs up the people, teaching throughout all Judea, beginning from Galilee even to this place.”

6verseBut when Pilate heard Galilee mentioned, he asked if the man was a Galilean.

7verseWhen he found out that he was in Herod’s jurisdiction, he sent him to Herod, who was also in Jerusalem during those days.

8verseNow when Herod saw Jesus, he was exceedingly glad, for he had wanted to see him for a long time, because he had heard many things about him. He hoped to see some miracle done by him.

9verseHe questioned him with many words, but he gave no answers.

10verseThe chief priests and the scribes stood, vehemently accusing him.

11verseHerod with his soldiers humiliated him and mocked him. Dressing him in luxurious clothing, they sent him back to Pilate.

12verseHerod and Pilate became friends with each other that very day, for before that they were enemies with each other.

13versePilate called together the chief priests, the rulers, and the people,

14verseand said to them, “You brought this man to me as one that perverts the people, and behold, having examined him before you, I found no basis for a charge against this man concerning those things of which you accuse him.

15verseNeither has Herod, for I sent you to him, and see, nothing worthy of death has been done by him.

16verseI will therefore chastise him and release him.”

17verseNow he had to release one prisoner to them at the feast.

18verseBut they all cried out together, saying, “Away with this man! Release to us Barabbas!”—

19verseone who was thrown into prison for a certain revolt in the city, and for murder.

20verseThen Pilate spoke to them again, wanting to release Jesus,

21versebut they shouted, saying, “Crucify! Crucify him!”

22verseHe said to them the third time, “Why? What evil has this man done? I have found no capital crime in him. I will therefore chastise him and release him.”

23verseBut they were urgent with loud voices, asking that he might be crucified. Their voices and the voices of the chief priests prevailed.

24versePilate decreed that what they asked for should be done.

25verseHe released him who had been thrown into prison for insurrection and murder, for whom they asked, but he delivered Jesus up to their will.

26verseWhen they led him away, they grabbed one Simon of Cyrene, coming from the country, and laid the cross on him to carry it after Jesus.

27verseA great multitude of the people followed him, including women who also mourned and lamented him.

28verseBut Jesus, turning to them, said, “Daughters of Jerusalem, don’t weep for me, but weep for yourselves and for your children.

29verseFor behold, the days are coming in which they will say, ‘Blessed are the barren, the wombs that never bore, and the breasts that never nursed.’

30verseThen they will begin to tell the mountains, ‘Fall on us!’ and tell the hills, ‘Cover us.’

31verseFor if they do these things in the green tree, what will be done in the dry?”

32verseThere were also others, two criminals, led with him to be put to death.

33verseWhen they came to the place that is called “The Skull”, they crucified him there with the criminals, one on the right and the other on the left.

34verseJesus said, “Father, forgive them, for they don’t know what they are doing.” Dividing his garments among them, they cast lots.

35verseThe people stood watching. The rulers with them also scoffed at him, saying, “He saved others. Let him save himself, if this is the Christ of God, his chosen one!”

36verseThe soldiers also mocked him, coming to him and offering him vinegar,

37verseand saying, “If you are the King of the Jews, save yourself!”

38verseAn inscription was also written over him in letters of Greek, Latin, and Hebrew: “THIS IS THE KING OF THE JEWS.”

39verseOne of the criminals who was hanged insulted him, saying, “If you are the Christ, save yourself and us!”

40verseBut the other answered, and rebuking him said, “Don’t you even fear God, seeing you are under the same condemnation?

41verseAnd we indeed justly, for we receive the due reward for our deeds, but this man has done nothing wrong.”

42verseHe said to Jesus, “Lord, remember me when you come into your Kingdom.”

43verseJesus said to him, “Assuredly I tell you, today you will be with me in Paradise.”

44verseIt was now about the sixth hour, and darkness came over the whole land until the ninth hour.

45verseThe sun was darkened, and the veil of the temple was torn in two.

46verseJesus, crying with a loud voice, said, “Father, into your hands I commit my spirit!” Having said this, he breathed his last.

47verseWhen the centurion saw what was done, he glorified God, saying, “Certainly this was a righteous man.”

48verseAll the multitudes that came together to see this, when they saw the things that were done, returned home beating their chests.

49verseAll his acquaintances and the women who followed with him from Galilee stood at a distance, watching these things.

50verseBehold, there was a man named Joseph, who was a member of the council, a good and righteous man

51verse(he had not consented to their counsel and deed), from Arimathaea, a city of the Jews, who was also waiting for God’s Kingdom.

52verseThis man went to Pilate, and asked for Jesus’ body.

53verseHe took it down and wrapped it in a linen cloth, and laid him in a tomb that was cut in stone, where no one had ever been laid.

54verseIt was the day of the Preparation, and the Sabbath was drawing near.

55verseThe women who had come with him out of Galilee followed after, and saw the tomb and how his body was laid.

56verseThey returned and prepared spices and ointments. On the Sabbath they rested according to the commandment.

The Trial of Jesus (Verses 1–25)

After the Sanhedrin has already passed a death sentence on Jesus, he is handed over to the Roman governor, Pilate. The Jewish leaders seek to condemn Jesus with a false charge that he violated Roman law, but Pilate finds no guilt in Jesus. Even when he is sent to Herod, the situation does not change. However, as the crowd’s cries grow louder, Pilate releases Barabbas and hands Jesus over to be crucified. In the midst of human ignorance, crowd psychology, and Jesus’ silence, truth and love stand in contrast.

Forgiveness with Authority While Crucified (Verses 26–49)

On the road where Jesus is nailed to the cross, He speaks prophetic words to the grieving women. From the cross, He asks for forgiveness for them, saying, "Father, forgive them." He also acknowledges the faith of one of the criminals beside Him and promises him Paradise (verse 43). These scenes show Jesus trusting God and loving his neighbor even in suffering. In the end, He entrusts his soul to God and faces death.

Jesus' Burial (Verses 50-56)

The body of Jesus is respectfully buried by Joseph of Arimathea, an honorable member of the council. Joseph is one who was waiting for the kingdom of God, and he places Jesus' body in his own tomb. The women watch from a distance and keep the Sabbath observances. Even after Jesus' death, people of faith show reverence and devotion in their own ways.

Meditation Points

  • Amid false accusations against Jesus and the cries of the crowd, what choices do I often make as I live?
  • How can I put into practice in my own life the forgiveness and love Jesus showed from the cross, and the compassion I should have for others?
  • Through the examples of people who kept their faith quietly, I reflect on the faith and devotion with which I live today.

Try Applying It to Me

  • We learn again through Jesus' sacrifice what true forgiveness and love are.
  • We recognize that an attitude in the face of the truth is more important than crowd psychology or prejudice, and we check the choices in my life.
  • I hope that the principle that a life of small commitment and obedience comes together to accomplish God's great work will be applied to my life as well.