Luke 20

Passage overview

The Gospel of John, chapter 20, begins with the account of Jesus' resurrection. Mary Magdalene visits the tomb early in the morning, while it is still dark, but finds that Jesus’ body is gone. After receiving the news from Mary, Peter and another disciple run to the tomb as well and check only Jesus’ burial cloths and the cloth that had been around his head. At that point, they had not yet fully understood that, as the Scriptures said, Jesus had to rise from the dead. This section captures the confusion of the eyewitnesses, as well as the fear and sorrow regarding Jesus’ absence, showing well that the mystery of the resurrection was difficult to accept at first.

1verseOn one of those days, as he was teaching the people in the temple and preaching the Good News, the priests and scribes came to him with the elders.

2verseThey asked him, “Tell us: by what authority do you do these things? Or who is giving you this authority?”

3verseHe answered them, “I also will ask you one question. Tell me:

4versethe baptism of John, was it from heaven, or from men?”

5verseThey reasoned with themselves, saying, “If we say, ‘From heaven,’ he will say, ‘Why didn’t you believe him?’

6verseBut if we say, ‘From men,’ all the people will stone us, for they are persuaded that John was a prophet.”

7verseThey answered that they didn’t know where it was from.

8verseJesus said to them, “Neither will I tell you by what authority I do these things.”

9verseHe began to tell the people this parable: “A man planted a vineyard and rented it out to some farmers, and went into another country for a long time.

10verseAt the proper season, he sent a servant to the farmers to collect his share of the fruit of the vineyard. But the farmers beat him and sent him away empty.

11verseHe sent yet another servant, and they also beat him and treated him shamefully, and sent him away empty.

12verseHe sent yet a third, and they also wounded him and threw him out.

13verseThe lord of the vineyard said, ‘What shall I do? I will send my beloved son. It may be that seeing him, they will respect him.’

14verse“But when the farmers saw him, they reasoned among themselves, saying, ‘This is the heir. Come, let’s kill him, that the inheritance may be ours.’

15verseThen they threw him out of the vineyard and killed him. What therefore will the lord of the vineyard do to them?

16verseHe will come and destroy these farmers, and will give the vineyard to others.” When they heard that, they said, “May that never be!”

17verseBut he looked at them and said, “Then what is this that is written, ‘The stone which the builders rejected was made the chief cornerstone’?

18verseEveryone who falls on that stone will be broken to pieces, but it will crush whomever it falls on to dust.”

19verseThe chief priests and the scribes sought to lay hands on him that very hour, but they feared the people—for they knew he had spoken this parable against them.

20verseThey watched him and sent out spies, who pretended to be righteous, that they might trap him in something he said, so as to deliver him up to the power and authority of the governor.

21verseThey asked him, “Teacher, we know that you say and teach what is right, and aren’t partial to anyone, but truly teach the way of God.

22verseIs it lawful for us to pay taxes to Caesar, or not?”

23verseBut he perceived their craftiness, and said to them, “Why do you test me?

24verseShow me a denarius. Whose image and inscription are on it?” They answered, “Caesar’s.”

25verseHe said to them, “Then give to Caesar the things that are Caesar’s, and to God the things that are God’s.”

26verseThey weren’t able to trap him in his words before the people. They marveled at his answer and were silent.

27verseSome of the Sadducees came to him, those who deny that there is a resurrection.

28verseThey asked him, “Teacher, Moses wrote to us that if a man’s brother dies having a wife, and he is childless, his brother should take the wife and raise up children for his brother.

29verseThere were therefore seven brothers. The first took a wife, and died childless.

30verseThe second took her as wife, and he died childless.

31verseThe third took her, and likewise the seven all left no children, and died.

32verseAfterward the woman also died.

33verseTherefore in the resurrection whose wife of them will she be? For the seven had her as a wife.”

34verseJesus said to them, “The children of this age marry and are given in marriage.

35verseBut those who are considered worthy to attain to that age and the resurrection from the dead neither marry nor are given in marriage.

36verseFor they can’t die any more, for they are like the angels and are children of God, being children of the resurrection.

37verseBut that the dead are raised, even Moses showed at the bush, when he called the Lord ‘The God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob.’

38verseNow he is not the God of the dead, but of the living, for all are alive to him.”

39verseSome of the scribes answered, “Teacher, you speak well.”

40verseThey didn’t dare to ask him any more questions.

41verseHe said to them, “Why do they say that the Christ is David’s son?

42verseDavid himself says in the book of Psalms, ‘The Lord said to my Lord, “Sit at my right hand,

43verseuntil I make your enemies the footstool of your feet.”’

44verse“David therefore calls him Lord, so how is he his son?”

45verseIn the hearing of all the people, he said to his disciples,

46verse“Beware of those scribes who like to walk in long robes, and love greetings in the marketplaces, the best seats in the synagogues, and the best places at feasts;

47versewho devour widows’ houses, and for a pretense make long prayers. These will receive greater condemnation.”

The First Encounter with the Risen Jesus

Mary Magdalene remains at the tomb, grieving, and becomes the first person in this Gospel to meet the risen Jesus. At first she does not recognize Him, but she realizes who He is when Jesus calls her by name. Jesus gives Mary the mission to tell the disciples about His resurrection. This passage serves as an important testimony to Jesus’ personal encounter with an individual and to the new calling that follows the resurrection.

Jesus Appears to the Disciples

That evening, Jesus appears to the disciples who are afraid and have shut the doors and declares peace. He also tells them to receive the Holy Spirit and mentions the authority to forgive sins. This symbolizes the authority of the risen Christ and the beginning of a new era through the Holy Spirit. However, Thomas—who was not there at the time—cannot believe what the disciples say.

Thomas’s Assurance and Confession of Faith

A week later, Jesus responds to Thomas’s demand for concrete assurance by inviting him to see His hands and side. Thomas then makes the confession, “My Lord and my God!” Jesus says, “Blessed are those who have not seen and yet have believed,” extending the significance of the resurrection testimony beyond those who saw Him directly.

The Purpose Declaration of John

In the final part of chapter 20, John states that the things recorded in this book are intended to help people believe that Jesus is the Son of God, the Christ. He also summarizes that the purpose is to enable people to gain life by believing in him. In this way, chapter 20 of John connects Jesus’ resurrection, encounters, the confirmation of faith, and the purpose of faith in an integrated manner, and thus holds an important place as the concluding section of the entire Gospel.

Meditation Points

  • Reflect on the emotions of each person: Mary standing before the tomb, the disciples’ fear, and Thomas’s doubt.
  • Consider what a personal encounter with the risen Jesus meant for each of them.
  • When Jesus said, “Blessed are those who have not seen and yet have believed,” it prompts reflection on the nature of faith and testimony.

Apply It to Me

  • When I am filled with fear or uncertainty, I can reflect on whether I am willing to receive the peace Jesus gives.
  • There are times when faith, like Thomas’s, wants assurance. This passage shows Jesus meeting doubt with invitation rather than simple condemnation.
  • Think about how to communicate the news of the resurrection in the language of everyday life.

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