Jeremiah 51

Passage overview

Jeremiah 51 is a chapter that continues with God’s declaration of judgment against Babylon, and it prophesies that Babylon, which destroyed Judah, will now be brought down by God’s justice. This chapter focuses on Babylon’s downfall in Jeremiah and reveals God’s sovereignty and righteousness. The prophet proclaims Babylon’s wickedness, the resulting judgment, and the restoration of God’s people

1verseThe LORD says: “Behold, I will raise up against Babylon, and against those who dwell in Lebkamai, a destroying wind.

2verseI will send to Babylon strangers, who will winnow her. They will empty her land; for in the day of trouble they will be against her all around.

3verseAgainst him who bends, let the archer bend his bow, also against him who lifts himself up in his coat of mail. Don’t spare her young men! Utterly destroy all her army!

4verseThey will fall down slain in the land of the Chaldeans, and thrust through in her streets.

5verseFor Israel is not forsaken, nor Judah, by his God, by the LORD of Armies; though their land is full of guilt against the Holy One of Israel.

6verse“Flee out of the middle of Babylon! Everyone save his own life! Don’t be cut off in her iniquity, for it is the time of the LORD’s vengeance. He will give to her a recompense.

7verseBabylon has been a golden cup in the LORD’s hand, who made all the earth drunk. The nations have drunk of her wine; therefore the nations have gone mad.

8verseBabylon has suddenly fallen and been destroyed! Wail for her! Take balm for her pain. Perhaps she may be healed.

9verse“We would have healed Babylon, but she is not healed. Forsake her, and let’s each go into his own country; for her judgment reaches to heaven, and is lifted up even to the skies.

10verse‘The LORD has produced our righteousness. Come, and let’s declare in Zion the work of the LORD our God.’

11verse“Make the arrows sharp! Hold the shields firmly! The LORD has stirred up the spirit of the kings of the Medes, because his purpose is against Babylon, to destroy it; for it is the vengeance of the LORD, the vengeance of his temple.

12verseSet up a standard against the walls of Babylon! Make the watch strong! Set the watchmen, and prepare the ambushes; for the LORD has both purposed and done that which he spoke concerning the inhabitants of Babylon.

13verseYou who dwell on many waters, abundant in treasures, your end has come, the measure of your covetousness.

14verseThe LORD of Armies has sworn by himself, saying, ‘Surely I will fill you with men, as with locusts, and they will lift up a shout against you.’

15verse“He has made the earth by his power. He has established the world by his wisdom. By his understanding he has stretched out the heavens.

16verseWhen he utters his voice, there is a roar of waters in the heavens, and he causes the vapors to ascend from the ends of the earth. He makes lightning for the rain, and brings the wind out of his treasuries.

17verse“Every man has become stupid and without knowledge. Every goldsmith is disappointed by his image, for his molten images are falsehood, and there is no breath in them.

18verseThey are vanity, a work of delusion. In the time of their visitation, they will perish.

19verseThe portion of Jacob is not like these, for he formed all things, including the tribe of his inheritance. The LORD of Armies is his name.

20verse“You are my battle ax and weapons of war. With you I will break the nations into pieces. With you I will destroy kingdoms.

21verseWith you I will break in pieces the horse and his rider.

22verseWith you I will break in pieces the chariot and him who rides therein. With you I will break in pieces man and woman. With you I will break in pieces the old man and the youth. With you I will break in pieces the young man and the virgin.

23verseWith you I will break in pieces the shepherd and his flock. With you I will break in pieces the farmer and his yoke. With you I will break in pieces governors and deputies.

24verse“I will give to Babylon and to all the inhabitants of Chaldea all their evil that they have done in Zion in your sight,” says the LORD.

25verse“Behold, I am against you, destroying mountain,” says the LORD, “which destroys all the earth. I will stretch out my hand on you, roll you down from the rocks, and will make you a burned mountain.

26verseThey won’t take a cornerstone from you, nor a stone for foundations; but you will be desolate forever,” says the LORD.

27verse“Set up a standard in the land! Blow the trumpet among the nations! Prepare the nations against her! Call together against her the kingdoms of Ararat, Minni, and Ashkenaz! Appoint a marshal against her! Cause the horses to come up as the swarming locusts!

28versePrepare against her the nations, the kings of the Medes, its governors, and all its deputies, and all the land of their dominion!

29verseThe land trembles and is in pain; for the purposes of the LORD against Babylon stand, to make the land of Babylon a desolation, without inhabitant.

30verseThe mighty men of Babylon have stopped fighting, they remain in their strongholds. Their might has failed. They have become as women. Her dwelling places are set on fire. Her bars are broken.

31verseOne runner will run to meet another, and one messenger to meet another, to show the king of Babylon that his city is taken on every quarter.

32verseSo the passages are seized. They have burned the reeds with fire. The men of war are frightened.”

33verseFor the LORD of Armies, the God of Israel says: “The daughter of Babylon is like a threshing floor at the time when it is trodden. Yet a little while, and the time of harvest comes for her.”

34verse“Nebuchadnezzar the king of Babylon has devoured me. He has crushed me. He has made me an empty vessel. He has, like a monster, swallowed me up. He has filled his mouth with my delicacies. He has cast me out.

35verseMay the violence done to me and to my flesh be on Babylon!” the inhabitant of Zion will say; and, “May my blood be on the inhabitants of Chaldea!” will Jerusalem say.

36verseTherefore the LORD says: “Behold, I will plead your cause, and take vengeance for you. I will dry up her sea, and make her fountain dry.

37verseBabylon will become heaps, a dwelling place for jackals, an astonishment, and a hissing, without inhabitant.

38verseThey will roar together like young lions. They will growl as lions’ cubs.

39verseWhen they are inflamed, I will make their feast, and I will make them drunk, that they may rejoice, and sleep a perpetual sleep, and not wake up,” says the LORD.

40verse“I will bring them down like lambs to the slaughter, like rams with male goats.

41verse“How Sheshach is taken! How the praise of the whole earth is seized! How Babylon has become a desolation among the nations!

42verseThe sea has come up on Babylon. She is covered with the multitude of its waves.

43verseHer cities have become a desolation, a dry land, and a desert, a land in which no man dwells. No son of man passes by it.

44verseI will execute judgment on Bel in Babylon, and I will bring out of his mouth that which he has swallowed up. The nations will not flow any more to him. Yes, the wall of Babylon will fall.

45verse“My people, go away from the middle of her, and each of you save yourselves from the LORD’s fierce anger.

46verseDon’t let your heart faint. Don’t fear for the news that will be heard in the land. For news will come one year, and after that in another year news will come, and violence in the land, ruler against ruler.

47verseTherefore behold, the days come that I will execute judgment on the engraved images of Babylon; and her whole land will be confounded. All her slain will fall in the middle of her.

48verseThen the heavens and the earth, and all that is therein, will sing for joy over Babylon; for the destroyers will come to her from the north,” says the LORD.

49verse“As Babylon has caused the slain of Israel to fall, so the slain of all the land will fall at Babylon.

50verseYou who have escaped the sword, go! Don’t stand still! Remember the LORD from afar, and let Jerusalem come into your mind.”

51verse“We are confounded because we have heard reproach. Confusion has covered our faces, for strangers have come into the sanctuaries of the LORD’s house.”

52verse“Therefore behold, the days come,” says the LORD, “that I will execute judgment on her engraved images; and through all her land the wounded will groan.

53verseThough Babylon should mount up to the sky, and though she should fortify the height of her strength, yet destroyers will come to her from me,” says the LORD.

54verse“The sound of a cry comes from Babylon, and of great destruction from the land of the Chaldeans!

55verseFor the LORD lays Babylon waste, and destroys out of her the great voice! Their waves roar like many waters. The noise of their voice is uttered.

56verseFor the destroyer has come on her, even on Babylon. Her mighty men are taken. Their bows are broken in pieces, for the LORD is a God of retribution. He will surely repay.

57verseI will make her princes, her wise men, her governors, her deputies, and her mighty men drunk. They will sleep a perpetual sleep, and not wake up,” says the King, whose name is the LORD of Armies.

58verseThe LORD of Armies says: “The wide walls of Babylon will be utterly overthrown. Her high gates will be burned with fire. The peoples will labor for vanity, and the nations for the fire; and they will be weary.”

59verseThe word which Jeremiah the prophet commanded Seraiah the son of Neriah, the son of Mahseiah, when he went with Zedekiah the king of Judah to Babylon in the fourth year of his reign. Now Seraiah was chief quartermaster.

60verseJeremiah wrote in a book all the evil that should come on Babylon, even all these words that are written concerning Babylon.

61verseJeremiah said to Seraiah, “When you come to Babylon, then see that you read all these words,

62verseand say, ‘LORD, you have spoken concerning this place, to cut it off, that no one will dwell in it, neither man nor animal, but that it will be desolate forever.’

63verseIt will be, when you have finished reading this book, that you shall bind a stone to it, and cast it into the middle of the Euphrates.

64verseThen you shall say, ‘Thus will Babylon sink, and will not rise again because of the evil that I will bring on her; and they will be weary.’” Thus far are the words of Jeremiah.

Structure and Flow

The chapter can be divided into three main parts.

  • Verses 1–23: God, who will use foreign nations as an instrument of judgment against Babylon, and the destruction of Babylon is foretold.
  • Verses 24–58: Babylon’s sins, idolatry, and the complete destruction resulting from them are described in detail. Through various symbols and metaphors, it confirms that this judgment is an inescapable fate.
  • Verses 59–64: The chapter ends with Jeremiah prophesying Babylon’s future through Seraiah. Jeremiah throws a scroll into the Euphrates River, symbolically showing Babylon’s end.

Key Message

The main message of Jeremiah 51 is that even a mighty nation like Babylon cannot be exempt from God’s justice. God judges human empires filled with pride and brutality. At the same time, it suggests that hope for restoration remains for God’s people.

Points to Reflect On

  • You can remember once again that God is the ruler of history. Even great powers are powerless before God’s will, and you can reflect on how history unfolds according to His purposes.
  • You can also take this as an opportunity to ask what is at the center of your life—whether idols or pride like Babylon’s have taken their place.

Try Applying It to Yourself

  • You can examine yourself to see whether you are trying to lean on your own strength, or whether you have fallen into pride rather than righteousness without even realizing it.
  • Even in difficult moments of life, you can feel the need to renew your faith by trusting God’s justice and sovereignty.