Ezekiel 23

Passage overview

In Ezekiel 23, the fall of Israel and Judah is revealed symbolically through a parable of two sisters. These sisters, named "Oholah" (Samaria) and "Oholibah" (Jerusalem), represent the northern kingdom of Israel and the southern kingdom of Judah, respectively. In the beginning of the chapter, it describes how the sisters fell into sexual immorality from their early childhood (verses 1–4). Then, through extended descriptions, it shows how each nation forms wrong relationships with surrounding pagan peoples and becomes spiritually corrupt (verses 5–21). In the conclusion, judgment on their sexual immorality—idolatry—is proclaimed in a solemn and severe manner (verses 22–49).

1verseThe LORD’s word came again to me, saying,

2verse“Son of man, there were two women, the daughters of one mother.

3verseThey played the prostitute in Egypt. They played the prostitute in their youth. Their breasts were fondled there, and their youthful nipples were caressed there.

4verseTheir names were Oholah the elder, and Oholibah her sister. They became mine, and they bore sons and daughters. As for their names, Samaria is Oholah, and Jerusalem Oholibah.

5verse“Oholah played the prostitute when she was mine. She doted on her lovers, on the Assyrians her neighbors,

6versewho were clothed with blue—governors and rulers, all of them desirable young men, horsemen riding on horses.

7verseShe gave herself as a prostitute to them, all of them the choicest men of Assyria. She defiled herself with the idols of whomever she lusted after.

8verseShe hasn’t left her prostitution since leaving Egypt; for in her youth they lay with her. They caressed her youthful nipples and they poured out their prostitution on her.

9verse“Therefore I delivered her into the hand of her lovers, into the hand of the Assyrians on whom she doted.

10verseThese uncovered her nakedness. They took her sons and her daughters, and they killed her with the sword. She became a byword among women; for they executed judgments on her.

11verse“Her sister Oholibah saw this, yet she was more corrupt in her lusting than she, and in her prostitution which was more depraved than the prostitution of her sister.

12verseShe lusted after the Assyrians, governors and rulers—her neighbors, clothed most gorgeously, horsemen riding on horses, all of them desirable young men.

13verseI saw that she was defiled. They both went the same way.

14verse“She increased her prostitution; for she saw men portrayed on the wall, the images of the Chaldeans portrayed with red,

15versedressed with belts on their waists, with flowing turbans on their heads, all of them looking like princes, after the likeness of the Babylonians in Chaldea, the land of their birth.

16verseAs soon as she saw them, she lusted after them and sent messengers to them into Chaldea.

17verseThe Babylonians came to her into the bed of love, and they defiled her with their prostitution. She was polluted with them, and her soul was alienated from them.

18verseSo she uncovered her prostitution and uncovered her nakedness. Then my soul was alienated from her, just like my soul was alienated from her sister.

19verseYet she multiplied her prostitution, remembering the days of her youth, in which she had played the prostitute in the land of Egypt.

20verseShe lusted after their lovers, whose flesh is as the flesh of donkeys, and whose issue is like the issue of horses.

21verseThus you called to memory the lewdness of your youth, in the caressing of your nipples by the Egyptians because of your youthful breasts.

22verse“Therefore, Oholibah, the Lord GOD says: ‘Behold, I will raise up your lovers against you, from whom your soul is alienated, and I will bring them against you on every side:

23versethe Babylonians and all the Chaldeans, Pekod, Shoa, Koa, and all the Assyrians with them; all of them desirable young men, governors and rulers, princes and men of renown, all of them riding on horses.

24verseThey will come against you with weapons, chariots, and wagons, and with a company of peoples. They will set themselves against you with buckler, shield, and helmet all around. I will commit the judgment to them, and they will judge you according to their judgments.

25verseI will set my jealousy against you, and they will deal with you in fury. They will take away your nose and your ears. Your remnant will fall by the sword. They will take your sons and your daughters; and the rest of you will be devoured by the fire.

26verseThey will also strip you of your clothes and take away your beautiful jewels.

27verseThus I will make your lewdness to cease from you, and remove your prostitution from the land of Egypt, so that you will not lift up your eyes to them, nor remember Egypt any more.’

28verse“For the Lord GOD says: ‘Behold, I will deliver you into the hand of them whom you hate, into the hand of them from whom your soul is alienated.

29verseThey will deal with you in hatred, and will take away all your labor, and will leave you naked and bare. The nakedness of your prostitution will be uncovered, both your lewdness and your prostitution.

30verseThese things will be done to you because you have played the prostitute after the nations, and because you are polluted with their idols.

31verseYou have walked in the way of your sister; therefore I will give her cup into your hand.’

32verse“The Lord GOD says: ‘You will drink of your sister’s cup, which is deep and large. You will be ridiculed and held in derision. It contains much.

33verseYou will be filled with drunkenness and sorrow, with the cup of astonishment and desolation, with the cup of your sister Samaria.

34verseYou will even drink it and drain it out. You will gnaw the broken pieces of it, and will tear your breasts; for I have spoken it,’ says the Lord GOD.

35verse“Therefore the Lord GOD says: ‘Because you have forgotten me and cast me behind your back, therefore you also bear your lewdness and your prostitution.’”

36verseThe LORD said moreover to me: “Son of man, will you judge Oholah and Oholibah? Then declare to them their abominations.

37verseFor they have committed adultery, and blood is in their hands. They have committed adultery with their idols. They have also caused their sons, whom they bore to me, to pass through the fire to them to be devoured.

38verseMoreover this they have done to me: they have defiled my sanctuary in the same day, and have profaned my Sabbaths.

39verseFor when they had slain their children to their idols, then they came the same day into my sanctuary to profane it; and behold, they have done this in the middle of my house.

40verse“Furthermore you sisters have sent for men who come from far away, to whom a messenger was sent, and behold, they came; for whom you washed yourself, painted your eyes, decorated yourself with ornaments,

41verseand sat on a stately bed, with a table prepared before it, whereupon you set my incense and my oil.

42verse“The voice of a multitude being at ease was with her. With men of the common sort were brought drunkards from the wilderness; and they put bracelets on their hands, and beautiful crowns on their heads.

43verseThen I said of her who was old in adulteries, ‘Now they will play the prostitute with her, and she with them.’

44verseThey went in to her, as they go in to a prostitute. So they went in to Oholah and to Oholibah, the lewd women.

45verseRighteous men will judge them with the judgment of adulteresses and with the judgment of women who shed blood, because they are adulteresses, and blood is in their hands.

46verse“For the Lord GOD says: ‘I will bring up a mob against them, and will give them to be tossed back and forth and robbed.

47verseThe company will stone them with stones and dispatch them with their swords. They will kill their sons and their daughters, and burn up their houses with fire.

48verse“‘Thus I will cause lewdness to cease out of the land, that all women may be taught not to be lewd like you.

49verseThey will recompense your lewdness on you, and you will bear the sins of your idols. Then you will know that I am the Lord GOD.’”

Symbols and Their Meaning

  • Oholah and Oholibah:Although they have different names, and yet both are God’s people, they symbolize what it looks like to fall into idolatry and immoral conduct by following the customs of foreign nations.
  • The parable of sexual immorality:By likening the abandonment of the covenant relationship with God to a person’s adultery and sexual immorality, it vividly reveals spiritual betrayal and the loss of exclusive loyalty.
  • A declaration of judgment:After repeated corruption, the imminent judgment is finally mentioned, emphasizing how serious it is in God’s justice and the gravity of sin without atonement.

Literary Features

Ezekiel 23 uses imagery that is more vivid than in other prophetic books, and sometimes even so direct that it can be shocking. This is to leave a strong impression on the reader regarding the nature of sin and how severe it is. Repeated phrases, symbolism, and contrasts between characters reveal the message of the passage clearly within the overall structure.

Points to Reflect On

  • When a community of faith cannot keep God’s covenant, this passage warns about what consequences follow.
  • It’s worth checking whether we are trusting in and following God alone in our faith, or whether we are being drawn along by the values or idols of the world.

Apply to Yourself

  • Let’s remember, anew each day, the covenant relationship between God and me, and consider whether I am living faithfully to the Lord’s will.
  • Even in today’s society, let’s also reflect on whether my heart is being taken by something other than God and what elements of idolatry may be present.