2 Samuel 2

Passage overview

1 Kings, Chapter 2 recounts King David’s final instructions, his death, and the process by which Solomon fully succeeds to the throne. This chapter presents a typical ancient Near Eastern form for transferring royal authority, and it invites you to reflect together on God’s promises, human choices, and the issue of responsibility.

1verseAfter this, David inquired of the LORD, saying, “Shall I go up into any of the cities of Judah?” The LORD said to him, “Go up.” David said, “Where shall I go up?” He said, “To Hebron.”

2verseSo David went up there with his two wives, Ahinoam the Jezreelitess, and Abigail the wife of Nabal the Carmelite.

3verseDavid brought up his men who were with him, every man with his household. They lived in the cities of Hebron.

4verseThe men of Judah came, and there they anointed David king over the house of Judah. They told David, “The men of Jabesh Gilead were those who buried Saul.”

5verseDavid sent messengers to the men of Jabesh Gilead, and said to them, “Blessed are you by the LORD, that you have shown this kindness to your lord, even to Saul, and have buried him.

6verseNow may the LORD show loving kindness and truth to you. I also will reward you for this kindness, because you have done this thing.

7verseNow therefore let your hands be strong, and be valiant; for Saul your lord is dead, and also the house of Judah have anointed me king over them.”

8verseNow Abner the son of Ner, captain of Saul’s army, had taken Ishbosheth the son of Saul and brought him over to Mahanaim.

9verseHe made him king over Gilead, over the Ashurites, over Jezreel, over Ephraim, over Benjamin, and over all Israel.

10verseIshbosheth, Saul’s son, was forty years old when he began to reign over Israel, and he reigned two years. But the house of Judah followed David.

11verseThe time that David was king in Hebron over the house of Judah was seven years and six months.

12verseAbner the son of Ner, and the servants of Ishbosheth the son of Saul, went out from Mahanaim to Gibeon.

13verseJoab the son of Zeruiah and David’s servants went out, and met them by the pool of Gibeon; and they sat down, the one on the one side of the pool and the other on the other side of the pool.

14verseAbner said to Joab, “Please let the young men arise and compete before us!” Joab said, “Let them arise!”

15verseThen they arose and went over by number: twelve for Benjamin and for Ishbosheth the son of Saul, and twelve of David’s servants.

16verseThey each caught his opponent by the head and thrust his sword in his fellow’s side; so they fell down together. Therefore that place in Gibeon was called Helkath Hazzurim.

17verseThe battle was very severe that day; and Abner was beaten, and the men of Israel, before David’s servants.

18verseThe three sons of Zeruiah were there: Joab, Abishai, and Asahel. Asahel was as light of foot as a wild gazelle.

19verseAsahel pursued Abner. He didn’t turn to the right hand or to the left from following Abner.

20verseThen Abner looked behind him and said, “Is that you, Asahel?” He answered, “It is.”

21verseAbner said to him, “Turn away to your right hand or to your left, and grab one of the young men, and take his armor.” But Asahel would not turn away from following him.

22verseAbner said again to Asahel, “Turn away from following me. Why should I strike you to the ground? How then could I look Joab your brother in the face?”

23verseHowever, he refused to turn away. Therefore Abner with the back end of the spear struck him in the body, so that the spear came out behind him; and he fell down there and died in the same place. As many as came to the place where Asahel fell down and died stood still.

24verseBut Joab and Abishai pursued Abner. The sun went down when they had come to the hill of Ammah, that lies before Giah by the way of the wilderness of Gibeon.

25verseThe children of Benjamin gathered themselves together after Abner and became one band, and stood on the top of a hill.

26verseThen Abner called to Joab, and said, “Shall the sword devour forever? Don’t you know that it will be bitterness in the latter end? How long will it be then, before you ask the people to return from following their brothers?”

27verseJoab said, “As God lives, if you had not spoken, surely then in the morning the people would have gone away, and not each followed his brother.”

28verseSo Joab blew the trumpet; and all the people stood still and pursued Israel no more, and they fought no more.

29verseAbner and his men went all that night through the Arabah; and they passed over the Jordan, and went through all Bithron, and came to Mahanaim.

30verseJoab returned from following Abner; and when he had gathered all the people together, nineteen men of David’s and Asahel were missing.

31verseBut David’s servants had struck Benjamin Abner’s men so that three hundred sixty men died.

32verseThey took up Asahel and buried him in the tomb of his father, which was in Bethlehem. Joab and his men went all night, and the day broke on them at Hebron.

David’s Final Words and Instructions

In the opening of the chapter, David leaves Solomon final instructions. He emphasizes that Solomon should live in keeping with the covenant with God and the law (2:1-4). David then clearly communicates how to treat and what actions to take regarding figures who would influence the kingdom, such as Joab, the sons of Barzillai, and Shimei (2:5-9).

  • Regarding Joab, he mentions the murders he has committed and asks that justice be carried out.
  • To the sons of Barzillai, he instructs them to remember their good deeds and show them favor.
  • As for Shimei, he warns him and asks for careful handling.

Solomon’s Accession and the Stability of Royal Rule

After David’s death, for a time the throne faces challenges and their resolution. Adonijah is punished by Solomon for attempting to take Abishag as his wife. The priest Abiathar is exiled; Joab is executed for the sin of rebellion; and Shimei is also punished after breaking the conditions (2:13-46). Through these events, Solomon firmly establishes his kingship, and in this way God’s promise given to the Davidic dynasty continues.

Characteristics of the Structure and Flow

  • Verses 1-9: David’s final commands and instructions
  • Verses 10-12: David’s death and Solomon’s accession
  • Verses 13-46: Sorting out and strengthening the royal rule against rebellious/threatening forces

This structure carries the message of “remembering, clearing out the past, and starting anew” between an old king and a new king.

Points for Reflection

  • We reflect on the fact that a legacy of faith and life is not merely something passed down, but something that is shared responsibility for and put into practice.
  • Under the goal of the stability of royal rule, we can also understand the historical context in which, at times, cold judgment and decisive action were needed, and reflect on how readers of the text can maintain a balance between justice and mercy in their lives.

Apply It to Me

  • When making important decisions in life, reflect on whether you set the right standards and act according to faith and conscience.
  • To leave a good influence on those around you, think concretely about what in my life needs to be set in order now and established anew.

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