1 Samuel 20
2 Samuel 20 shows that even after David overcame Absalom’s rebellion, division and tension still remained within the Israelite community. The focus of this chapter is the incident involving Sheba (a.k.a. Sheba’s rebellion), Joab’s actions, and, at the end, the reorganization of the administrative structure of David’s kingship.
1verseDavid fled from Naioth in Ramah, and came and said to Jonathan, “What have I done? What is my iniquity? What is my sin before your father, that he seeks my life?”
2verseHe said to him, “Far from it; you will not die. Behold, my father does nothing either great or small, but that he discloses it to me. Why would my father hide this thing from me? It is not so.”
3verseDavid swore moreover, and said, “Your father knows well that I have found favor in your eyes; and he says, ‘Don’t let Jonathan know this, lest he be grieved;’ but truly as the LORD lives, and as your soul lives, there is but a step between me and death.”
4verseThen Jonathan said to David, “Whatever your soul desires, I will even do it for you.”
5verseDavid said to Jonathan, “Behold, tomorrow is the new moon, and I should not fail to dine with the king; but let me go, that I may hide myself in the field to the third day at evening.
6verseIf your father misses me at all, then say, ‘David earnestly asked leave of me that he might run to Bethlehem, his city; for it is the yearly sacrifice there for all the family.’
7verseIf he says, ‘It is well,’ your servant shall have peace; but if he is angry, then know that evil is determined by him.
8verseTherefore deal kindly with your servant, for you have brought your servant into a covenant of the LORD with you; but if there is iniquity in me, kill me yourself, for why should you bring me to your father?”
9verseJonathan said, “Far be it from you; for if I should at all know that evil were determined by my father to come on you, then wouldn’t I tell you that?”
10verseThen David said to Jonathan, “Who will tell me if your father answers you roughly?”
11verseJonathan said to David, “Come! Let’s go out into the field.” They both went out into the field.
12verseJonathan said to David, “By the LORD, the God of Israel, when I have sounded out my father about this time tomorrow, or the third day, behold, if there is good toward David, won’t I then send to you and disclose it to you?
13verseThe LORD do so to Jonathan and more also, should it please my father to do you evil, if I don’t disclose it to you and send you away, that you may go in peace. May the LORD be with you as he has been with my father.
14verseYou shall not only show me the loving kindness of the LORD while I still live, that I not die;
15versebut you shall also not cut off your kindness from my house forever, no, not when the LORD has cut off every one of the enemies of David from the surface of the earth.”
16verseSo Jonathan made a covenant with David’s house, saying, “The LORD will require it at the hand of David’s enemies.”
17verseJonathan caused David to swear again, for the love that he had for him; for he loved him as he loved his own soul.
18verseThen Jonathan said to him, “Tomorrow is the new moon, and you will be missed, because your seat will be empty.
19verseWhen you have stayed three days, go down quickly and come to the place where you hid yourself when this started, and remain by the stone Ezel.
20verseI will shoot three arrows on its side, as though I shot at a mark.
21verseBehold, I will send the boy, saying, ‘Go, find the arrows!’ If I tell the boy, ‘Behold, the arrows are on this side of you. Take them;’ then come, for there is peace to you and no danger, as the LORD lives.
22verseBut if I say this to the boy, ‘Behold, the arrows are beyond you,’ then go your way, for the LORD has sent you away.
23verseConcerning the matter which you and I have spoken of, behold, the LORD is between you and me forever.”
24verseSo David hid himself in the field. When the new moon had come, the king sat himself down to eat food.
25verseThe king sat on his seat, as at other times, even on the seat by the wall; and Jonathan stood up, and Abner sat by Saul’s side, but David’s place was empty.
26verseNevertheless Saul didn’t say anything that day, for he thought, “Something has happened to him. He is not clean. Surely he is not clean.”
27verseOn the next day after the new moon, the second day, David’s place was empty. Saul said to Jonathan his son, “Why didn’t the son of Jesse come to eat, either yesterday, or today?”
28verseJonathan answered Saul, “David earnestly asked permission of me to go to Bethlehem.
29verseHe said, ‘Please let me go, for our family has a sacrifice in the city. My brother has commanded me to be there. Now, if I have found favor in your eyes, please let me go away and see my brothers.’ Therefore he has not come to the king’s table.”
30verseThen Saul’s anger burned against Jonathan, and he said to him, “You son of a perverse rebellious woman, don’t I know that you have chosen the son of Jesse to your own shame, and to the shame of your mother’s nakedness?
31verseFor as long as the son of Jesse lives on the earth, you will not be established, nor will your kingdom. Therefore now send and bring him to me, for he shall surely die!”
32verseJonathan answered Saul his father, and said to him, “Why should he be put to death? What has he done?”
33verseSaul cast his spear at him to strike him. By this Jonathan knew that his father was determined to put David to death.
34verseSo Jonathan arose from the table in fierce anger, and ate no food the second day of the month; for he was grieved for David, because his father had treated him shamefully.
35verseIn the morning, Jonathan went out into the field at the time appointed with David, and a little boy with him.
36verseHe said to his boy, “Run, find now the arrows which I shoot.” As the boy ran, he shot an arrow beyond him.
37verseWhen the boy had come to the place of the arrow which Jonathan had shot, Jonathan cried after the boy, and said, “Isn’t the arrow beyond you?”
38verseJonathan cried after the boy, “Go fast! Hurry! Don’t delay!” Jonathan’s boy gathered up the arrows, and came to his master.
39verseBut the boy didn’t know anything. Only Jonathan and David knew the matter.
40verseJonathan gave his weapons to his boy, and said to him, “Go, carry them to the city.”
41verseAs soon as the boy was gone, David arose out of the south, and fell on his face to the ground, and bowed himself three times. They kissed one another and wept with one another, and David wept the most.
42verseJonathan said to David, “Go in peace, because we have both sworn in the LORD’s name, saying, ‘The LORD is between me and you, and between my offspring and your offspring, forever.’” He arose and departed; and Jonathan went into the city.
Chapter Flow and Structure
- Sheba’s rebellion (vv. 1–2): Sheba of the tribe of Benjamin gathers the group that follows him and confronts David. Conflict between Israel and Judah is exposed openly, symbolizing division within the community.
- David’s response (vv. 3–7): After returning to Jerusalem, David has his concubines stay in separate houses, and he orders Amasa to muster the troops.
- Joab’s leadership and the pursuit of Sheba (vv. 8–22): Amasa is killed by Joab, and Joab leads the army in pursuit of Sheba. In the end, Sheba is killed in the town of Abel, and the rebellion is put down.
- The administrative system of David’s kingdom (vv. 23–26): The kingdom’s various officials and offices are organized, and the order of the monarchy is re-established.
The Overall Meaning of 2 Samuel 20
Even though this chapter comes right after David has put down Absalom’s rebellion, it shows that tension within Israel had not disappeared. Sheba’s rebellion is a series of events that reveals the difficulty of maintaining unity within the community, the instability of the power structure, and conflicts among leaders (especially the relationship between Joab and Amasa). However, in the end, amid division and chaos, David is shown regaining his ability to rule as king and stabilizing the administrative system, indicating that the chapter is aiming at overall peace and stability.
Points for Reflection
- Let’s think about the possibility that even within our own communities or society—though things may look calm on the surface—there may be seeds of conflict and division that are not visible.
- Reflect on the importance of a leader’s response and choices in times of conflict and crisis.
- Even amid difficulties, by recognizing God’s providence in the way order is restored and one’s true calling is fulfilled, we can discover God’s will at work.
Putting It into Practice for Me
- When unexpected conflict or crisis arises in the community given to me (home, faith community, society, etc.), I look again at the role and responsibilities I have been assigned.
- I commit myself to choosing unity over division and order over chaos, and to making every effort to develop an attitude that helps me discern God’s will correctly.
As part of Coupang Partners activities, this post may earn a commission from qualifying purchases.