1 Kings 1
Second Kings chapter 1 unfolds around events that occur during the reign of Ahaziah, after Ahab, the king of the northern kingdom of Israel, dies. This chapter structurally connects scenes in which Ahaziah is injured and confined to his sickbed, the story of him sending messengers to a foreign god to seek a prophecy about his recovery, and the revelation of God’s judgment and authority through the prophet Elijah.
1verseNow King David was old and advanced in years; and they covered him with clothes, but he couldn’t keep warm.
2verseTherefore his servants said to him, “Let a young virgin be sought for my lord the king. Let her stand before the king, and cherish him; and let her lie in your bosom, that my lord the king may keep warm.”
3verseSo they sought for a beautiful young lady throughout all the borders of Israel, and found Abishag the Shunammite, and brought her to the king.
4verseThe young lady was very beautiful; and she cherished the king, and served him; but the king didn’t know her intimately.
5verseThen Adonijah the son of Haggith exalted himself, saying, “I will be king.” Then he prepared him chariots and horsemen, and fifty men to run before him.
6verseHis father had not displeased him at any time in saying, “Why have you done so?” and he was also a very handsome man; and he was born after Absalom.
7verseHe conferred with Joab the son of Zeruiah and with Abiathar the priest; and they followed Adonijah and helped him.
8verseBut Zadok the priest, Benaiah the son of Jehoiada, Nathan the prophet, Shimei, Rei, and the mighty men who belonged to David, were not with Adonijah.
9verseAdonijah killed sheep, cattle, and fatlings by the stone of Zoheleth, which is beside En Rogel; and he called all his brothers, the king’s sons, and all the men of Judah, the king’s servants;
10versebut he didn’t call Nathan the prophet, and Benaiah, and the mighty men, and Solomon his brother.
11verseThen Nathan spoke to Bathsheba the mother of Solomon, saying, “Haven’t you heard that Adonijah the son of Haggith reigns, and David our lord doesn’t know it?
12verseNow therefore come, please let me give you counsel, that you may save your own life and your son Solomon’s life.
13verseGo in to King David, and tell him, ‘Didn’t you, my lord the king, swear to your servant, saying, “Assuredly Solomon your son shall reign after me, and he shall sit on my throne”? Why then does Adonijah reign?’
14verseBehold, while you are still talking there with the king, I will also come in after you and confirm your words.”
15verseBathsheba went in to the king in his room. The king was very old; and Abishag the Shunammite was serving the king.
16verseBathsheba bowed and showed respect to the king. The king said, “What would you like?”
17verseShe said to him, “My lord, you swore by the LORD your God to your servant, ‘Assuredly Solomon your son shall reign after me, and he shall sit on my throne.’
18verseNow, behold, Adonijah reigns; and you, my lord the king, don’t know it.
19verseHe has slain cattle and fatlings and sheep in abundance, and has called all the sons of the king, Abiathar the priest, and Joab the captain of the army; but he hasn’t called Solomon your servant.
20verseYou, my lord the king, the eyes of all Israel are on you, that you should tell them who will sit on the throne of my lord the king after him.
21verseOtherwise it will happen, when my lord the king sleeps with his fathers, that I and my son Solomon will be considered criminals.”
22verseBehold, while she was still talking with the king, Nathan the prophet came in.
23verseThey told the king, saying, “Behold, Nathan the prophet!” When he had come in before the king, he bowed himself before the king with his face to the ground.
24verseNathan said, “My lord, King, have you said, ‘Adonijah shall reign after me, and he shall sit on my throne’?
25verseFor he has gone down today, and has slain cattle, fatlings, and sheep in abundance, and has called all the king’s sons, the captains of the army, and Abiathar the priest. Behold, they are eating and drinking before him, and saying, ‘Long live King Adonijah!’
26verseBut he hasn’t called me, even me your servant, Zadok the priest, Benaiah the son of Jehoiada, and your servant Solomon.
27verseWas this thing done by my lord the king, and you haven’t shown to your servants who should sit on the throne of my lord the king after him?”
28verseThen King David answered, “Call Bathsheba in to me.” She came into the king’s presence and stood before the king.
29verseThe king vowed and said, “As the LORD lives, who has redeemed my soul out of all adversity,
30versemost certainly as I swore to you by the LORD, the God of Israel, saying, ‘Assuredly Solomon your son shall reign after me, and he shall sit on my throne in my place;’ I will most certainly do this today.”
31verseThen Bathsheba bowed with her face to the earth and showed respect to the king, and said, “Let my lord King David live forever!”
32verseKing David said, “Call to me Zadok the priest, Nathan the prophet, and Benaiah the son of Jehoiada.” They came before the king.
33verseThe king said to them, “Take with you the servants of your lord, and cause Solomon my son to ride on my own mule, and bring him down to Gihon.
34verseLet Zadok the priest and Nathan the prophet anoint him there king over Israel. Blow the trumpet, and say, ‘Long live King Solomon!’
35verseThen come up after him, and he shall come and sit on my throne; for he shall be king in my place. I have appointed him to be prince over Israel and over Judah.”
36verseBenaiah the son of Jehoiada answered the king, and said, “Amen. May the LORD, the God of my lord the king, say so.
37verseAs the LORD has been with my lord the king, even so may he be with Solomon, and make his throne greater than the throne of my lord King David.”
38verseSo Zadok the priest, Nathan the prophet, Benaiah the son of Jehoiada, and the Cherethites and the Pelethites went down and had Solomon ride on King David’s mule, and brought him to Gihon.
39verseZadok the priest took the horn of oil from the Tent, and anointed Solomon. They blew the trumpet; and all the people said, “Long live King Solomon!”
40verseAll the people came up after him, and the people piped with pipes, and rejoiced with great joy, so that the earth shook with their sound.
41verseAdonijah and all the guests who were with him heard it as they had finished eating. When Joab heard the sound of the trumpet, he said, “Why is this noise of the city being in an uproar?”
42verseWhile he yet spoke, behold, Jonathan the son of Abiathar the priest came; and Adonijah said, “Come in; for you are a worthy man, and bring good news.”
43verseJonathan answered Adonijah, “Most certainly our lord King David has made Solomon king.
44verseThe king has sent with him Zadok the priest, Nathan the prophet, Benaiah the son of Jehoiada, and the Cherethites and the Pelethites; and they have caused him to ride on the king’s mule.
45verseZadok the priest and Nathan the prophet have anointed him king in Gihon. They have come up from there rejoicing, so that the city rang again. This is the noise that you have heard.
46verseAlso, Solomon sits on the throne of the kingdom.
47verseMoreover the king’s servants came to bless our lord King David, saying, ‘May your God make the name of Solomon better than your name, and make his throne greater than your throne;’ and the king bowed himself on the bed.
48verseAlso thus said the king, ‘Blessed be the LORD, the God of Israel, who has given one to sit on my throne today, my eyes even seeing it.’”
49verseAll the guests of Adonijah were afraid, and rose up, and each man went his way.
50verseAdonijah was afraid because of Solomon; and he arose, and went, and hung onto the horns of the altar.
51verseSolomon was told, “Behold, Adonijah fears King Solomon; for, behold, he is hanging onto the horns of the altar, saying, ‘Let King Solomon swear to me first that he will not kill his servant with the sword.’”
52verseSolomon said, “If he shows himself a worthy man, not a hair of his shall fall to the earth; but if wickedness is found in him, he shall die.”
53verseSo King Solomon sent, and they brought him down from the altar. He came and bowed down to King Solomon; and Solomon said to him, “Go to your house.”
Flow and Structure of the Text
- Moab’s Rebellion (v. 1): It begins with King Ahab’s death, followed by Moab rising up in rebellion against Israel.
- Ahaziah’s Injury and Seeking a Prophecy (v. 2): After Ahaziah falls in an accident and becomes ill, he sends messengers to inquire whether he will recover from Baal-zebub, the god of Ekron, rather than from God.
- Elijah’s Ministry (vv. 3-8): God’s messenger, Elijah, intercepts Ahaziah’s messengers and makes it clear that God is present in Israel, not among the foreign gods.
- The Confrontation Between the King’s Messengers and Elijah (vv. 9-15): Of the three times Ahaziah sends messengers, two receive fire, and the messengers die; the third messenger comes humbly and helps them, allowing Elijah to go to the king.
- Ahaziah’s Death (vv. 16-18): As Elijah prophesied, Ahaziah does not recover and dies, and the kingship of Israel is taken up by his brother Jehoram.
The Overall Meaning
Through this chapter, it emphasizes God’s sovereignty, the authority of revelation through the prophets, and the judgment Israel will receive when it leaves God and follows foreign gods. Ahaziah’s decision is not merely a personal mistake; it shows an attitude of not fully trusting God as king of Israel. God’s response and judgment through Elijah clearly show whom Israel should rely on.
Points to Ponder
- In times of difficulty, whom do I look for first? Does an attitude of asking God and trusting Him take root in my life?
- I check whether I have the posture of prioritizing God’s Word and revelation over other powers in the world.
Try Applying It to Me
- In moments of crisis in life, I pray so that I can move forward by seeking God’s Word and His way.
- I place the habit of seeking God’s will at the center of life, before the world’s success or methods.
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